Clinical evidence for dose tolerance of the central nervous system in hypofractionated radiotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Xue ◽  
Bahman Emami ◽  
Jimm Grimm ◽  
Gregory J. Kubicek ◽  
Sucha O. Asbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dose Tolerance

Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pathogenicity on the Central Nervous System: Bridging Experimental Probes to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav A. Groppa ◽  
Dumitru Ciolac ◽  
Carolina Duarte ◽  
Christopher Garcia ◽  
Daniela Gasnaș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Borrelia burgdorferi in the Central Nervous System: Experimental and Clinical Evidence for Early Invasion

1990 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Garcia-Monco ◽  
B. F. Villar ◽  
J. C. Alen ◽  
J. L. Benach
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Repurposing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Claudia Sagheddu ◽  
Miriam Melis ◽  
Anna Lisa Muntoni ◽  
Marco Pistis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Common pathophysiological mechanisms have emerged for different neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. In particular, mechanisms of oxidative stress, immuno-inflammation, and altered metabolic pathways converge and cause neuronal and non-neuronal maladaptative phenomena, which underlie multifaceted brain disorders. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors modulating, among others, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes in diverse tissues. Both endogenous and synthetic PPAR agonists are approved treatments for metabolic and systemic disorders, such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, and dyslipidemia(s), showing high tolerability and safety profiles. Considering that some PPAR-acting drugs permeate through the blood–brain barrier, the possibility to extend their scope from the periphery to central nervous system has gained interest in recent years. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence that PPARs possibly exert a neuroprotective role, thereby providing a rationale for repurposing PPAR-targeting drugs to counteract several diseases affecting the central nervous system.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON CHILDREN HAVING MEASLES WITH NO CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-560
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Grossman ◽  
Erna L. Gibbs ◽  
Harold W. Spies
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Serial electroencephalograms were done on 189 patients having measles with no clinical evidence of involvement of the nervous system. Using stringent criteria, 74 patients had considerable abnormality of the electroencephalogram. These findings could not attributed to any complications. Only one patient under 1 year of age (11 months) had evidence of electroencephalographic abnormality. The abnormalities observed were qualitatively and normalities observed were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in measles encephalitis, in most cases reverting to normal within 1 week. Approximately 4% had some residual electroencephalographic abnormality.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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