scholarly journals Forest cover enhances natural enemy diversity and biological control services in Brazilian sun coffee plantations

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Reis Medeiros ◽  
Yuri Campanholo Grandinete ◽  
Paul Manning ◽  
Karen A. Harper ◽  
G. Christopher Cutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Landscape Diversity ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Coffee Plantations

Abstract Landscape structure and crop management directly affect insect communities, which can influence agriculturally relevant ecosystem services and disservices. However, little is known about the effect of landscape structure and local factors on pests, natural enemies, and biological control services in the Neotropics. We investigated how environmental conditions at local and landscape levels affect Leucoptera coffeella (insect pest), social wasps (natural enemies), and the provision of biological control services in 16 Brazilian coffee plantations under different crop management and landscape contexts. We considered microclimatic conditions, coffee plantation size, and management intensity at the local level; and forest cover, landscape diversity, and edge density at the landscape level. Pest population, wasp communities, and biocontrol services were monitored in wet and dry seasons when L. coffeella outbreaks occur. We found that the amount of forest in the surrounding landscape was more important for explaining patterns than the local environment, landscape diversity, or landscape configuration. In both seasons, L. coffeella was negatively affected by forest cover, whereas biological control and richness and abundance of social wasps increased with increasing forest cover at multiple spatial scales. Moreover, biological control was positively correlated with wasp abundance during pest outbreaks, suggesting that social wasps are important natural enemies and provide pest control services within coffee plantations. We provide the first empirical evidence that forest cover is important for the maintenance of social wasp diversity and associated pest control services in a Brazilian coffee-producing region.

Implementation of biological control

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop C. van Lenteren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Industry Policy ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Inoculative Biological Control

AbstractThe number of species of insect pests, estimated to be maximally 10,000 worldwide, forms only a small part of the millions of species of plant-eating insects. Chemical pest control is becoming increasingly difficult and objectionable in terms of environmental contamination so that other methods of pest control need to be developed. One of the best alternatives is biological control. Natural and inoculative biological control has already proven successful against a variety of pests over large areas. One is inclined to forget, however, how successful a biological control program has been as soon as the pest problem has been solved. Other types of biological control involving the regular introduction or augmentation of natural enemies are better known, although these have been applied on a much smaller scale; a survey of the present-day application of these latter types of biological control is presented here. Phases in the implementation of biological control are illustrated and needed future developments in research are discussed. The main limitation on the development of biological control is not the research, since natural enemies are easier found and with a much lower investment than new chemical pesticides, but rather the attitudes held by growers and disinterest on the part of industry, policy-makers, and politicians. The first priority for those concerned with the development and application of safer pest control should, therefore, be to change the perceptions that these other groups have of biological control.

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Berbagai Lanskap Pertanian Di Sumatra Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yaherwandi Yaherwandi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failure of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid on some vegetables and rice ecosystem in West Sumatera. Hymenoptera parasitoids were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, and indices of diversity were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 1522 specimen consist of 22 families and 148 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid on agricultural ecosystem in west Sumatera. Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were dominant Hymenoptera parasitoid family in vegetables ecosystem. Contrast, Mymaridae, Diapriidae, and Eulophidae were dominance of Hymenoptera parasitoid famili in rice ecosystem. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid was influenced by the landscape structure. Species richness and diversity were higher in polyculture ecosystem than monoculture.

Social Wasps in Exotic Forest Planting and Atlantic Rainforest in the Neotropical Region

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Reinildes Silva-Filho ◽  
Bruno Pandelo Brügger ◽  
José Cola Zanúncio ◽  
Paulo César R. Cassino
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems

Social wasps play an important role in communities, whether in natural or agricultural ecosystems, performing pollination and/or predation on other organisms, especially caterpillars, which reveals their potential for biological control. We register species of predatory wasps found in a eucalypt reforested area compared with a native rainforest. Five species of social wasps were found: Agelaia myrmecophila (Ducke), Mischocyttarus punctatus (Ducke), Polistes carnifex (Fabricius), Polybia liliacea (Fabricius), and Polybia striata (Fabricius), with higher numbers in the eucalypt monoculture than in the Atlantic rainforest, suggesting no negative impact of the monoculture on the population of that natural enemies.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN HYMENOPTERA PARASITOID PADA STURUKTUR LANSKAP PERTANIAN BERBEDA DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CIANJUR, JAWA BARAT

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Yaherwandi Yaherwandi ◽  
S. Manuwoto ◽  
D. Buchori ◽  
P. Hidayat ◽  
L.B. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Diversity of Hymenoptera Parasitoid in Different Agricultural Landscape at Cianjur Watershed, West Java. Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failur of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoid are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice field at Cianjur Watershed. Insects were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, indices of diversity, indices of community similarities and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 2750 speciment consist of 26 family and 325 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice fields at Cianjur Watershed. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid were found to be influenced by the landscape structure and seasone of  ricefield. Species richness and diversity were higher in Nyalindung landscape than Gasol and Selajambe landscape.

scholarly journals From Diverse Origins to Specific Targets: Role of Microorganisms in Indirect Pest Biological Control

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Frédéric Francis ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn ◽  
Frank Delvigne ◽  
Bart Lievens
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Pest Insects

Integrated pest management (IPM) is today a widely accepted pest management strategy to select and use the most efficient control tactics and at the same time reduce over-dependence on chemical insecticides and their potentially negative environmental effects. One of the main pillars of IPM is biological control. While biological control programs of pest insects commonly rely on natural enemies such as predatory insects, parasitoids and microbial pathogens, there is increasing evidence that plant, soil and insect microbiomes can also be exploited to enhance plant defense against herbivores. In this mini-review, we illustrate how microorganisms from diverse origins can contribute to plant fitness, functional traits and indirect defense responses against pest insects, and therefore be indirectly used to improve biological pest control practices. Microorganisms in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere have not only been shown to enhance plant growth and plant strength, but also promote plant defense against herbivores both above- and belowground by providing feeding deterrence or antibiosis. Also, herbivore associated molecular patterns may be induced by microorganisms that come from oral phytophagous insect secretions and elicit plant-specific responses to herbivore attacks. Furthermore, microorganisms that inhabit floral nectar and insect honeydew produce volatile organic compounds that attract beneficial insects like natural enemies, thereby providing indirect pest control. Given the multiple benefits of microorganisms to plants, we argue that future IPMs should consider and exploit the whole range of possibilities that microorganisms offer to enhance plant defense and increase attraction, fecundity and performance of natural enemies.

Selective Control of Pest Damage

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan P. Beirne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractThe reason control measures are applied is to reduce the harm caused by pests. “Pests” is a subjective word that is arbitrarily used to refer to some of the living organisms that harm man and his property. Pest control measures may be classified on any of several bases, bur any one classification that uses several bases is liable to cause misunderstandings. Biological controls are the use by man of living organisms to control pest damage. Approaches to biological control are illustrated by results of work on four pests found in Ontario. These results also illustrate how insects may be interrelated through natural enemies that they have in common. As far as possible control measures should be selective for pests, or pest and other non-beneficial, species only. Biological controls tend to be relatively more selective than other, comparable, control measures. They are also the most feasible existing way of keeping pest damage down without continuing human intervention. Increasing attempts to erase pest problems, rather than to alleviate pest attacks temporarily, may result in increased Government participation in and regulation of pest control programmes.

scholarly journals Interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the Neotropical predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Implications in biological control of pest

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Scorsetti ◽  
Sebastian Pelizza ◽  
Marilina Noelia Fogel ◽  
Florencia Vianna ◽  
Marcela Ines Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Eriopis Connexa

Abstract Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are serious pests of crops causing direct damage by feeding and indirect by the transmission of plant viruses. The use of conventional insecticides for controlling aphids has caused different problems and insecticide resistance. Accordingly, there is more interest in alternative control methods such as biological control by natural enemies for sustainable agricultural management. Among biological control agents, entomopathogenic fungi are one of the most significant microbial pathogens of insects. Also, Coccinellidae, as a major group, is a serious natural enemy. Both larval and adult stages of Coccinellidae feed on different soft-body pests, such as aphids. Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a common species in agroecosystems of the Neotropical region where it is considered to be a potential control agent. Pathogens and arthropod natural enemies may contribute to the control of phytophagous pests; however, it is important to assess potential interactions within biological control agents that share hosts (intraguild interaction) to evaluate their combined use for pest control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility and interaction (lethal and sublethal effects) between E. connexa and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Both are important biological control agents of aphids. The pathogenicity of B. bassiana against larvae, pupae and adults of the predator E. connexa was evaluated, and results showed, that B. bassiana infected the coleopteran. On the other hand, interaction between B. bassiana and the predator was evaluated through infected-prey. The effects of fungus on larvae survival were significantly different when we analyzed the accumulated survival (from first larval instar to adulthood). The daily fecundity was significantly reduced at five days compared to control group. By contrast, no significant differences were observed between the five oviposition days in the rate of hatched eggs. This study shows that despite having received a single dose of the fungus in its life cycle, the population parameters of the predator E. connexa are affected. More studies would be necessary to help identify interactions between microbes and natural enemies to increase and enhance opportunities and further develop biological pest control programs.

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