The role of particle resuspension within PM concentrations in underground subway systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4075-4094
Author(s):  
A. Cartenì ◽  
F. Cascetta ◽  
I. Henke ◽  
C. Molitierno
Author(s):  
Iman Goldasteh ◽  
Goodarz Ahmadi ◽  
Andrea Ferro

Particle resuspension is an important source of particulate matter in the indoor environment. [1] In this study, a model for resuspension of spherical particles from carpet fibers was developed using the micro-roughness model for simulating the adhesion of rough spherical particles. The Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) adhesion model was used for modeling the adhesion force between particles and carpet fibers. Adhesion of pollen particles to the carpet fibers was studied, and the pull-off forces predicted by the model are compared with the available experimental data. The effect of the hydrodynamic force of fluid flow on resuspension of particles under turbulent flow conditions was studied and the effect of turbulence bursts was included in the model. In particular, the range of airflow velocity for resuspension of pollen particles from carpet was evaluated and the results are presented in graphical form. The role of airflow on resuspension of particles from carpeted floorings is discussed.


Author(s):  
Iman Goldasteh ◽  
Goodarz Ahmadi ◽  
Andrea Ferro

Particle resuspension from flooring in connection with increased indoor air pollution was studied. Earlier efforts hypothesized that during the gait cycle, high speed airflow is generated at the floor level that would lead to particle resuspension. The details of the mechanism of the particle resuspension, however, are not well understood. Earlier models were mainly developed for spherical particle detachment from smooth surfaces, but in reality, dust particles are irregular in shape and have a wide size distribution. The resuspension of dust particles thus depends on their shape and size and the nature of their contact with the surface. In this work, a wind tunnel study of dust particle resuspension from common flooring was performed and the critical air velocities for particle detachment were measured. The main goal of the present experimental work is to understand the main mechanism of dust particle resuspension under real conditions by systematically investigating a range of airflow speeds. The other goal of the study is to provide information on the role of the airflow on dust particle detachment from common floorings.


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.


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