Evaluation of Genetic Relatedness Among Temperate Pome Fruit Crops of Family Rosaceae Using Arbitrary Oligonucleotide Markers

Acad. Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Scientist Emeritus, is an outstanding researcher and breeder, author of 90 apple and pear cultivars, founder of a scientific school specializing on priority trends in pome fruit breeding: – development of adaptable triploid apple cultivars with regular fruiting, high marketability of fruits, and increased self-fertility; – development of apple cultivars immune or highly resistant to scab; – development of triploid apple cultivars with immunity to scab; – development of columnar apple cultivars for super-intensive orchards and main technology elements for their cultivation; – development of apple cultivars with improved biochemical composition of fruits with higher content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and Р-active substances (vitamin Р).

Download Full-text

Nutrients boom as an indicator of the fruit crops requrements in mineral nutrition

Horticulture: Interdepartment Subdject Scientific Collection ◽

10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-110-120 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 110-120

Author(s):

T.V. Maliuk ◽

◽

N.G. Pcholkina ◽

L.V. Kozlova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Black Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Pome Fruit ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Complex Processes ◽

Southern Ukraine

The studies were devoted to determining the parameters of the nitrogen absorption and boom by of pome fruit crops intense in the conditions of Southern Ukraine and to assessing the expediency of these indices using to establish the plants requirements in mineral nutrition and rational fertilizers doses. The size and structure of the nitrogen boom by apple and pear trees, that is, the ratio between the nitrogen boom from pruned trees and fruits proved to depend on the varietal signs level of the crop yield, as well as on the doses, terms and methods of the mineral fertilizers application. However, the average nitrogen boom rates by these crops on the irrigated southern black soil did not exceed 25-52 kg N/ha, and this element absorption rate from mineral fertilizers was no more than 14-22 %. The investigations also showned that, with the maximum doses of the N90-120 fertilizer, the nitrogen boom with pruned trees increased by 11-31 % depending on the crop without significant increase of the orchard yield. In addition, when using nitrogen at doses significantly exceeding its boom, the soil accumulated an excess of nitrate compounds beyond the location of the bulk of the trees root system on vegetative rootstocks. Their amount achieved 17-35 % of the total nitrogen supplied to the soil during the entire fertilizer application period. This can cause both the increase of unproductive nitrogen loss, of environmental stress and the reduction of fertilizer payback, in agrocenoses due to the soil water contamination by nitrates. Considering the above mentioned facts as well as taking into account the ability of fruit crops to re-utilize the nutrients from the vegetative organs, the complex processes of the nitrogenous fund transformation of irrigated southern black soil, in particular, its ability to nitrogen mineralization, and the risk of the environmental contamination with nitrate compounds, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers doses higher than N60 in intense pome orchards in the south of Ukraine are not advisable in agronomic or environmental terms.

Download Full-text

Transferability of apple and pear SSRs to other temperate pome fruit crops of family Rosaceae

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2101195s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 195-208

Author(s):

Himani Sharma ◽

Parul Sharma ◽

Rajnish Sharma

Keyword(s):

Comparative Genomic ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Pome Fruit ◽

Pcr Product ◽

Homologous Locus ◽

Ssr Loci ◽

Genomic Studies ◽

Successful Amplification ◽

High Level ◽

Relationship Of

Extensive use of simple sequence repeat (SSR) is facilitated if loci would be transferable across species even in closely related genera to overcome high cost and efforts involved in their development as major constraints. In the present study, apple and pear genomic microsatellite primer pairs were used to amplify SSR loci in apple, pear, quince and loquat genotypes, respectively. Already reported SSRs were selected based on their polymorphic survey for successful amplification with at least one polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of the approximate size expected for a homologous locus screened among apple and pear genotypes for further transferability exploration across other temperate pome fruit crops, respectively. Highest transferability of apple and pear SSR, 61.53 % and 73.33 % was observed in closely related quince and apple genotypes, respectively. This indicated that primer binding sites between these two closely related genera, Malus and Pyrus, are fairly well conserved. Maximum transferability rate was found to be 93.33 % and 80.00 % across all the subjected genotypes for primer CH05D11 and TSUenh016 in apple and pear, respectively. The transferability of markers is based on genomic similarity, and can reflect the relationship of genome collinearity and even evolution between species. This high level of transferability of apple and pear SSRs to other temperate pome fruit crops indicated their promise for application to future molecular screening, map construction, and comparative genomic studies, etc.

Download Full-text

Management of Postharvest Diseases in Stone and Pome Fruit Crops

General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management ◽

10.1007/978-1-4020-6061-8_5 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 131-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shi-Ping Tian

Keyword(s):

Fruit Crops ◽

Postharvest Diseases ◽

Pome Fruit

Download Full-text

Evaluation of acaricides against false spider mite, Tenuipalpus aboharensis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), a pest of pomegranate

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v45i1.507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

Mohammad Yosof Amini ◽

Ahamad Shah Mohammadi ◽

Srinivasa N ◽

Onkarappa S

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Spider Mites ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

False Spider Mites ◽

False Spider ◽

False Spider Mite

False spider mites are serious pests of pomegranate and frequently cause considerable economic losses in other fruit crops as well. A field experiment conducted to evaluate eleven acaricides against Tenuipalpus aboharensis infesting pomegranate plants, revealed that wettable sulphur at 2.5 g and dicofol at 2.5 ml per litre were very effective and other acaricides viz. propargite, fenpyroximate, chlorfenapyr and buprofezin were also found effective against T. aboharensis.

Download Full-text