scholarly journals Authors’ Reply to De Sutter, De Waele, and Vermeulen: “Penetration of Antibacterial Agents into Pulmonary Epithelial Lining Fluid: An Update”

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily N. Drwiega ◽  
Keith A. Rodvold
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamics of Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin at Simulated Epithelial Lining Fluid Drug Concentrations against Streptococcus pneumoniae

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi R. Florea ◽  
Pamela R. Tessier ◽  
Cuilian Zhang ◽  
Charles H. Nightingale ◽  
David P. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Drug Concentrations

ABSTRACT Recent clinical failures associated with levofloxacin treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and growing evidence of frequent mutations in the isolate population have led to increased concerns regarding fluoroquinolone resistance. Our objective was to characterize the efficacies of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against various genotypes of S. pneumoniae after simulated bronchopulmonary exposures. An in vitro model was used to simulate a levofloxacin concentration of 500 mg and a moxifloxacin concentration of 400 mg, which were previously determined to be the concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid of older adults receiving once-daily dosing. The effects of the drugs were tested against six S. pneumoniae containing various mutations. Bacterial density and resistance were quantitatively assessed over 48 h. The S. pneumoniae isolate with no mutation displayed a 4-log reduction in CFU after treatment with both agents and did not develop resistance. Isolates containing the parC or parE mutation or both mutations regrew and developed resistance when they were exposed to levofloxacin, despite an unbound area under the concentration-time curve (AUC):MIC ratio of ∼100. When the isolate containing the parC and gyrA mutations was exposed to levofloxacin, there was a half-log reduction in the number of CFU compared to that for the control, but the isolate subsequently regrew. Likewise, levofloxacin did not kill the isolate containing the parC, gyrA, and parE mutations. Moxifloxacin sustained the killing of all bacterial isolates tested without the development of resistance. Levofloxacin did not sustain bacterial killing and did not prevent the emergence of further resistance in mutants with the parC or parE mutation or both mutations, even though an unbound AUC:MIC ratio for exposure well above the breakpoint of 30 to 40 established in the literature for S. pneumoniae was maintained. Moxifloxacin was effective against all isolates tested, despite the presence of isolates with two- and three-step mutations, for which the MICs were increased.

scholarly journals Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nebulized Antimicrobial Agents in Rats: 5. Oseltamivir Carboxylate

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 5085-5087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Cesar Galindo Bedor ◽  
Sandrine Marchand ◽  
Isabelle Lamarche ◽  
Julian Laroche ◽  
Davi Pereira de Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Oseltamivir Carboxylate ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the biopharmaceutical characteristics of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) after pulmonary delivery. After OC bolus and intratracheal nebulization (NEB) in rats, blood was collected and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were performed. Epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations were estimated from BAL fluid. The area under the curve (AUC) ratio for ELF to plasma was 842 times higher after NEB than after intravenous (i.v.) administration, indicating that OC nebulization offers a biopharmaceutical advantage over i.v. administration.

Endothelin-1 level in epithelial lining fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Respirology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi NAKANO ◽  
Sadatomo TASAKA ◽  
Fumitake SAITO ◽  
Wakako YAMADA ◽  
Yoshiki SHIRAISHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Endothelin 1

scholarly journals Development of an Adult Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Solithromycin in Plasma and Epithelial Lining Fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 814-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N. Salerno ◽  
Andrea Edginton ◽  
Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez ◽  
Christoph P. Hornik ◽  
Kevin M. Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetic Model ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Physiologically Based

scholarly journals Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nebulized Antimicrobial Agents in Rats: 6. Aminoglycosides

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Marchand ◽  
Matthieu Boisson ◽  
Shachi Mehta ◽  
Christophe Adier ◽  
Olivier Mimoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Concentration Time

ABSTRACT Amikacin and gentamicin pharmacokinetic behaviors after nebulization were determined by comparing plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations in rats after intratracheal and intravenous administrations. ELF areas under concentration-time curve were 874 and 162 times higher after nebulization than after intravenous administration for amikacin and gentamicin, respectively. Even if both molecules appear to be good candidates for nebulization, these results demonstrate a much higher targeting advantage of nebulization for amikacin than for gentamicin.

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