A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of the Association Between Anti-Hypertensive Classes and the Risk of Falls Among Older Adults

ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of different balance exercise interventions compared with non-balance exercise controls on balance task performance in older adults.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until July 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSystematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised trials of balance exercise interventions for older adults were identified for extraction of eligible randomised trials. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of randomised trials in meta-analyses were comparison of a balance exercise intervention with a control group that did not perform balance exercises, report of at least one end-intervention balance outcome measurement that was consistent with the five subgroups of balance exercise identified, and full-text article available in English.ResultsNinety-five trials were included in meta-analyses and 80 in meta-regressions. For four balance exercise types (control centre of mass, multidimensional, mobility and reaching), significant effects for balance exercise interventions were found in meta-analyses (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.31–0.50), however with considerable heterogeneity in observed effects (I2: 50.4%–80.6%). Risk of bias assessments (Physiotherapy Evidence Database score and funnel plots) did not explain heterogeneity. One significant relationship identified in the meta-regressions of SMD and balance exercise frequency, time and duration explained 2.1% of variance for the control centre of mass subgroup.ConclusionLimitations to this study included the variability in design of balance interventions, incomplete reporting of data and statistical heterogeneity. The design of balance exercise programmes provides inadequate explanation of the observed benefits of these interventions.

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Exercise interventions for older adults: A systematic review of meta-analyses

Journal of Sport and Health Science ◽

10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Claudio Di Lorito ◽

Annabelle Long ◽

Adrian Byrne ◽

Rowan H. Harwood ◽

John R.F. Gladman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Meta Analyses

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Instrumented Analysis of the Sit-to-Stand Movement for Geriatric Screening: A Systematic Review

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering7040139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Brajesh Shukla ◽

Jennifer Bassement ◽

Vivek Vijay ◽

Sandeep Yadav ◽

David Hewson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

At Risk ◽

Older People ◽

Search Strategy ◽

Risk Of Falling ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Geriatric Screening ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Future Work

The Sit-to-Stand (STS) is a widely used test of physical function to screen older people at risk of falls and frailty and is also one of the most important components of standard screening for sarcopenia. There have been many recent studies in which instrumented versions of the STS (iSTS) have been developed to provide additional parameters that could improve the accuracy of the STS test. This systematic review aimed to identify whether an iSTS is a viable alternative to a standard STS to identify older people at risk of falling, frailty, and sarcopenia. A total of 856 articles were found using the search strategy developed, with 12 articles retained in the review after screening based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six studies evaluated the iSTS in fallers, five studies in frailty and only one study in both fallers and frailty. The results showed that power and velocity parameters extracted from an iSTS have the potential to improve the accuracy of screening when compared to a standard STS. Future work should focus on standardizing the segmentation of the STS into phases to enable comparison between studies and to develop devices integrated into the chair used for the test to improve usability.

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Dietary Patterns and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10080971 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 971 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Thara Govindaraju ◽

Berhe Sahle ◽

Tracy McCaffrey ◽

John McNeil ◽

Alice Owen

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Set Inclusion ◽

Demographic Shifts ◽

Meta Analyses

Dietary patterns may be related to quality of life (QoL) of older adults, although evidence from literature is conflicting. The demographic shifts toward ageing populations in many countries increases the importance of understanding the relationship between diet and QoL in older adults. This review was designed to investigate associations between dietary patterns and QoL in older adults. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify articles published in English from January 1975 to March 2018 that investigated associations between dietary patterns and QoL in older adults. Relevant studies were identified based on set inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted and analysed to examine the relationships and possible implications for public health recommendations. The systematic review included 15 articles (One randomized control trial, six prospective cohorts and eight cross sectional). The studies looked at correlations between different dietary patterns and/or adherence to particular dietary patterns and self-reported QoL or self-rated health status. Excluding two studies which showed no significant association, healthy dietary patterns were associated with better self-rated health and QoL in one or more domains, and adherence to healthy dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet were significantly associated with improvement in at least one of the QoL domains.

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The Association between Hearing Loss, Postural Control, and Mobility in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.16044 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (06) ◽

pp. 575-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Maayan Agmon ◽

Limor Lavie ◽

Michail Doumas

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Postural Control ◽

Large Body ◽

Positive Association ◽

The Elderly ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Risk Of Falls

Background: Degraded hearing in older adults has been associated with reduced postural control and higher risk of falls. Both hearing loss (HL) and falls have dramatic effects on older persons’ quality of life (QoL). A large body of research explored the comorbidity between the two domains. Purpose: The aim of the current review is to describe the comorbidity between HL and objective measures of postural control, to offer potential mechanisms underlying this relationship, and to discuss the clinical implications of this comorbidity. Data Collection and Analysis: PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically searched for articles published in English up until October 15, 2015, using combinations of the following strings and search words: for hearing: Hearing loss, “Hearing loss,” hearing, presbycusis; for postural control: postural control, gait, postural balance, fall, walking; and for age: elderly, older adults. Results: Of 211 screened articles, 7 were included in the systematic review. A significant, positive association between HL and several objective measures of postural control was found in all seven studies, even after controlling for major covariates. Severity of hearing impairment was connected to higher prevalence of difficulties in walking and falls. Physiological, cognitive, and behavioral processes that may influence auditory system and postural control were suggested as potential explanations for the association between HL and postural control. Conclusions: There is evidence for the independent relationship between HL and objective measures of postural control in the elderly. However, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship is yet to be elucidated. Concurrent diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of these two modalities may reduce falls and increase QoL in older adults.

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