Low-Dose Alcohol Effects on Measures of Inhibitory Control, Delay Discounting, and Risk-Taking

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Weafer ◽  
Mark T. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Delay ◽  
Alcohol Effects

Diazepam impairs behavioral inhibition but not delay discounting or risk taking in healthy adults.

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Acheson ◽  
Brady Reynolds ◽  
Jerry B. Richards ◽  
Harriet de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Healthy Adults

scholarly journals Cuing both positive and negative episodic foresight reduces delay discounting but does not affect risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1998-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bulley ◽  
Beyon Miloyan ◽  
Gillian V Pepper ◽  
Matthew J Gullo ◽  
Julie D Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Episodic Simulation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Monetary Choice Questionnaire

Humans frequently create mental models of the future, allowing outcomes to be inferred in advance of their occurrence. Recent evidence suggests that imagining positive future events reduces delay discounting (the devaluation of reward with time until its receipt), while imagining negative future events may increase it. Here, using a sample of 297 participants, we experimentally assess the effects of cued episodic simulation of positive and negative future scenarios on decision-making in the context of both delay discounting (monetary choice questionnaire) and risk-taking (balloon-analogue risk task). Participants discounted the future less when cued to imagine positive and negative future scenarios than they did when cued to engage in control neutral imagery. There were no effects of experimental condition on risk-taking. Thus, although these results replicate previous findings suggesting episodic future simulation can reduce delay discounting, they indicate that this effect is not dependent on the valence of the thoughts, and does not generalise to all other forms of “impulsive” decision-making. We discuss various interpretations of these results, and suggest avenues for further research on the role of prospection in decision-making.

Alcohol Effects on Driver Risk Taking

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
R. Wade Allen ◽  
Stephen H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Signal Light ◽  
Alcohol Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Effects

This paper reviews selected results from past driving simulator studies. The driving tasks include steering regulation against wind/road disturbances, speed control on curves, and decision making in a signal light situation. A common alcohol impairment mechanism is found in each of these situations, namely increased driver variability. The driver's risk exposure also increases with alcohol impairment and is extremely sensitive to performance variability changes. It is hypothesized that drivers are not generally aware of risk exposure, even under alcohol-impaired conditions. Countermeasure approaches to driver impairment are also discussed.

The Impact of Children's Temperament on How Parents Resolve Safety Disagreements During Preadolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
Alexa Kane ◽  
Barbara A Morrongiello
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Safety Promotion ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preadolescent Youth

Abstract Objectives Parents play an important role in keeping their children safe. However, this becomes more difficult during preadolescence as children seek greater autonomy away from the direct supervision of adults. The current study focused on preadolescent youth (10–13 years) and examined parent–child disagreements about safety, with a focus on determining if child temperament attributes moderate the relation between how parents learn of these and resolve these disagreements. Methods A short-term longitudinal design was used. Parents and children retrospectively recalled safety disagreements together and then independently completed questionnaires about these. Parents then tracked disagreements over 1 month. Results The behavioral attributes of inhibitory control and risk-taking propensity both moderated the relationships between parental source of knowledge of safety disagreements and subsequent methods of resolution. Conclusion Safety-promotion messaging for parents of preadolescents may need to be tailored based on child attributes to maximize effectiveness.

scholarly journals Temperamental exuberance and executive function predict propensity for risk taking in childhood

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Lahat ◽  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
Lauren K. White ◽  
Jennifer Martin McDermott ◽  
Heather A. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Attention Shifting ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractThe present study utilized a multilevel approach to examine developmental trajectories in risk-taking propensity. We examined the moderating role of specific executive function components, attention shifting and inhibitory control, on the link between exuberant temperament in infancy and propensity for risk taking in childhood. Risk taking was assessed using a task previously associated with sensation seeking and antisocial behaviors. Two hundred ninety-one infants were brought into the lab and behaviors reflecting exuberance were observed at 4, 9, 24, and 36 months of age. Executive function was assessed at 48 months of age. Risk-taking propensity was measured when children were 60 months of age. The results indicated that exuberance and attention shifting, but not inhibitory control, significantly interacted to predict propensity for risk taking. Exuberance was positively associated with risk-taking propensity among children who were relatively low in attention shifting but unrelated for children high in attention shifting. These findings illustrated the multifinality of developmental outcomes for temperamentally exuberant young children and pointed to the distinct regulatory influences of different executive functions for children of differing temperaments. Attention shifting likely affords a child the ability to consider both positive and negative consequences and moderates the relation between early exuberance and risk-taking propensity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document