Temperamental exuberance and executive function predict propensity for risk taking in childhood

AbstractThe present study utilized a multilevel approach to examine developmental trajectories in risk-taking propensity. We examined the moderating role of specific executive function components, attention shifting and inhibitory control, on the link between exuberant temperament in infancy and propensity for risk taking in childhood. Risk taking was assessed using a task previously associated with sensation seeking and antisocial behaviors. Two hundred ninety-one infants were brought into the lab and behaviors reflecting exuberance were observed at 4, 9, 24, and 36 months of age. Executive function was assessed at 48 months of age. Risk-taking propensity was measured when children were 60 months of age. The results indicated that exuberance and attention shifting, but not inhibitory control, significantly interacted to predict propensity for risk taking. Exuberance was positively associated with risk-taking propensity among children who were relatively low in attention shifting but unrelated for children high in attention shifting. These findings illustrated the multifinality of developmental outcomes for temperamentally exuberant young children and pointed to the distinct regulatory influences of different executive functions for children of differing temperaments. Attention shifting likely affords a child the ability to consider both positive and negative consequences and moderates the relation between early exuberance and risk-taking propensity.

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The Parent-Adolescent Relationship and Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Self-Control

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lu Liu ◽

Na Wang ◽

Lumei Tian

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Self Control ◽

Adolescent Relationship ◽

Risk Taking Behaviors ◽

Moderating Role

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Harm Reduction Strategies and Drug-Related Negative Consequences in the Dance Music Scene: The Moderating Role of Polysubstance Use

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.1080/10826084.2021.1892144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 777-781

Author(s):

Belén del Valle Vera ◽

José Carmona-Marquez ◽

Claudio Vidal-Giné ◽

Fermín Fernández-Calderón

Keyword(s):

Harm Reduction ◽

Dance Music ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Polysubstance Use ◽

Music Scene ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

Moderating Role

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The Moderating Role of Personal Relevance on Differential Priming of Anxiety and Sadness on Perceived Travel Risk: A Replication

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.104.2.500-508 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 500-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wen-Bin Chiou ◽

Ming-Hsu Chang ◽

Chien-Lung Chen

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Personal Relevance ◽

Risk Averse ◽

Mood Repair ◽

Neutral Mood ◽

Motivational Influences ◽

Relevance Condition ◽

Moderating Role

Raghunathan and Pham conducted a pioneer study in 1999 on the motivational influences of anxiety and sadness on decision making and indicated that anxiety would motivate individuals to be risk averse, whereas sadness would motivate individuals to be risk taking. A replication study was employed in the domain of perceived travel risk. Compared to participants in a neutral mood, anxious participants showed higher perceived travel risk than sad participants. Moreover, the differential effect of anxiety and sadness on perceived travel risk was only pronounced under the high personal relevance condition, in which participants made personal decisions and expected that they would be affected by the outcomes. In general, the results extend the notion proposed by Raghunathan and Pham suggesting that travelers' implicit goals primed by anxiety or sadness used for mood-repair purposes appear to be moderated by personal relevance.

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Linking Shyness With Social and School Adjustment in Early Childhood: The Moderating Role of Inhibitory Control

Moving Forward in the Study of Temperament and Early Education Outcomes ◽

10.1201/9780429344466-5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 57-72

Author(s):

Stefania Sette ◽

Will E. Hipson ◽

Federica Zava ◽

Emma Baumgartner ◽

Robert J. Coplan

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

School Adjustment ◽

Moderating Role

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Employee well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of teleworking during the first lockdown in the province of Quebec, Canada

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-205311 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Annick Parent-Lamarche ◽

Maude Boulet

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Life ◽

Conservation Of Resources ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

Business Sectors ◽

Moderating Role

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health. Many employees have had to pivot suddenly to teleworking to prevent the virus from spreading. While teleworking may have some negative consequences, it may also represent a human resources practice that may improve employee well-being. OBJECTIVE: The study main objective was to determine if teleworking played a moderating role in the relation between potential stressors and employee well-being during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic when working from home. This was based on the theory of conservation of resources. METHODS: Multivariate regression analyses were conducted with Stata 13 software to determine the contribution of potential stressors on employee well-being, as well as the moderating role of teleworking on a sample of 480 Canadian employees. Data were collected once for white and blue collar from both public (67.08%) and private (32.92%) business sectors. RESULTS: Results indicated that work-life imbalances, workload, and marital tension were associated with lower levels of well-being. On the other hand, teleworking and household income were associated with higher levels of well-being. Teleworking also moderated the differences in well-being between the public and private sectors. Teleworking in the public sector seems to increase employee well-being. Conversely, working on-site in the public sector seems to decrease well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Employers need to proactively address work-life imbalances, workloads, and teleworking to maintain employee well-being. Specific recommendations are offered to ensure that teleworking remains positive for employee well-being both during a pandemic and afterward.

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Personality Correlates of Caffeine Dependence: The Role of Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity, and Risk Taking.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1037/1064-1297.13.3.259 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 259-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Heather A. Jones ◽

C. W. Lejuez

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Personality Correlates ◽

Caffeine Dependence

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Early detection of risk-taking, self-harming, and suicidal behaviour

Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention ◽

10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0051 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 429-436

Author(s):

Corinna Reichl ◽

Michael Kaess

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Early Detection ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Health Problems ◽

Risk Markers

This text outlines the role of risk-taking and self-harming behaviours in the development and detection of suicidal behaviour and mental health problems among adolescents. Risk-taking and self-harming behaviours are observable symptoms for underlying problems of emotion regulation, impulse control or interpersonal relationships and are sensitive risk markers for early detection of developmental trajectories of suicidal behaviour and mental health problems. Due to their easy accessibility and their sensitive prediction of mental health problems, risk-taking and self-harming behaviours have been included into programmes screening for adolescents at risk of suicidal behaviour in the general population. The principles and findings of those screening programmes are discussed. Professional screenings are time consuming for participants and create costs for the healthcare system, thus, longitudinal studies are needed to test whether screening programmes are effective in reducing suicidal behaviour among adolescents.

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ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, PERFORMANCE AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL: A CASE STUDY OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN THAILAND

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1142/s1084946719500080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (02) ◽

pp. 1950008

Author(s):

CHONNATCHA KUNGWANSUPAPHAN ◽

JIBON KUMAR SHARMA LEIHAOTHABAM

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽

Business Performance ◽

Female Entrepreneurs ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Institutional Capital ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation of female entrepreneurs and business performance, and analyzes the moderating role of institutional capital on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance link. The results of the study highlight the important role of entrepreneurial orientation, including proactiveness, innovativeness and risk-taking, in directing business performance of female entrepreneurs and the complex interplay among entrepreneurial orientation variables. It also indicates that accessibility to institutional capital, through regulative, cognitive and normative dimensions, encourages female entrepreneurs to be more entrepreneurially oriented, thus leading to better business performance. In addition, this research proposes an integrated framework to guide policy makers on how institutional capital can play a crucial role in helping female entrepreneurs, stressing the importance of becoming entrepreneurial oriented and thus, achieving superior business performance.

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