scholarly journals “A Window of Opportunity”: Parenting and Addiction in the Context of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Susanna Flykt ◽  
Saara Salo ◽  
Marjukka Pajulo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Fetal Attachment ◽  
Prenatal Interventions ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use

Abstract Purpose of Review Maternal prenatal substance use presents a multilevel risk to child development and parenting. Although parenting interventions are increasingly integrated into substance use treatment, prenatal parenting processes have not received equal attention within these interventions. This article aims to synthesize the evidence on the specific prenatal risk factors affecting the development of early parenting of substance-using mothers, as well as interventions focusing on those factors. Recent Findings Both neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors affect the prenatal development of parenting in the context of maternal substance use. Maternal–fetal attachment, mentalization, self-regulation, and psychosocial risks are important in treatment and highly intertwined with abstinence. Although parenting interventions seem to be highly beneficial, most studies have not differentiated between pre- and postnatal interventions or described pregnancy-specific intervention elements. Summary Due to the salience of pregnancy in treating substance-using parents, interventions should begin prenatally and include pregnancy-specific parenting focus. Further research on prenatal interventions is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Risk Factors Affecting Substance Use among Tenth-Grade Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Öztaş ◽  
Aydan Kalyon ◽  
Ayşin Ertuğrul ◽  
Çetin Gündoğdu ◽  
Hüseyin Balcıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
The City

Aim. The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of substance use among tenth-grade students; their thoughts, attitudes, behaviors, and tendencies towards substance use; and risk factors of substance use in tenth-grade students in general. Methods. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional conducted between April and May 2016. Research population consists of tenth-grade students in 2015-2016 school year in the city of Ordu. Since the study involved all tenth-grade students, no sampling was done. Questions on substance use were prepared by Ordu Public Health Directorate and the authors by making use of European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) study questions, AMATEM’s “Drugs and Addiction Youth Survey” study conducted on May 1996, and scientific studies conducted previously on similar subjects. Results. 9825 tenth-grade students in 88 schools from 19 counties in the city of Ordu were included in the study. 8714 of the students participated in the survey. Being male, being over the age of 15, mother and father being separated, living with relatives, being in low income, negative feelings about school, perception of being unsuccessful in school, failing a year, absenteeism, and not being content with life are the risk factors for substance use. Conclusions. The tendency of illegal substance use becoming more and more prevalent especially among youth requires the development of new treatment strategies.

Developing a Model to Address Mental Health, Substance Use, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Home Visiting Clients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Darius Tandon ◽  
Deborah F. Perry ◽  
Karen Edwards ◽  
Tamar Mendelson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
The Impact

Perinatal women enrolled in home visiting (HV) programs exhibit high rates of depression, substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV). While HV programs have increasingly screened for these psychosocial risks, initiation and uptake of community-based services to address these risks remain challenging. This project used a community-engaged research approach to engage key HV stakeholders in developing the screening, referral, and individualized prevention and treatment (SCRIPT) model. We highlight how a group of key HV stakeholders—the SCRIPT Advisory Panel—collaborated with academic researchers to develop the SCRIPT model by reviewing literature on HV programs’ response to psychosocial risk factors and qualitative data obtained from mental health, substance use, and IPV service providers to whom HV programs referred clients. SCRIPT focuses on (a) screening for psychosocial risks, (b) developing partnerships with outside agencies to address these risk factors, and (c) establishing concrete and systematic processes for client referral and monitoring with outside agencies. SCRIPT provides a structured model for HV programs to systematically identify clients for key psychosocial risks and structure their referral and monitoring process when working with social service agencies. Future work should examine the impact of SCRIPT on mental health, substance use, and IPV service access and use by a vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Developmental cascades to children's conduct problems: The role of prenatal substance use, socioeconomic adversity, maternal depression and sensitivity, and children's conscience

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idean Ettekal ◽  
Rina D. Eiden ◽  
Amanda B. Nickerson ◽  
Danielle S. Molnar ◽  
Pamela Schuetze
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use

AbstractThis study investigated the longitudinal associations among prenatal substance use, socioeconomic adversity, parenting (maternal warmth, sensitivity, and harshness), children's self-regulation (internalization of rules and conscience), and conduct problems from infancy to middle childhood (Grade 2). Three competing conceptual models including cascade (indirect or mediated), additive (cumulative), and transactional (bidirectional) effects were tested and compared. The sample consisted of 216 low-income families (primary caretaker and children; 51% girls; 74% African American). Using a repeated-measures, multimethod, multi-informant design, a series of full panel models were specified. Findings primarily supported a developmental cascade model, and there was some support for additive effects. More specifically, maternal prenatal substance use and socioeconomic adversity in infancy were prospectively associated with lower levels of maternal sensitivity. Subsequently, lower maternal sensitivity was associated with decreases in children's conscience in early childhood, and in turn, lower conscience predicted increases in teacher-reported conduct problems in middle childhood. There was also a second pathway from sustained maternal depression (in infancy and toddlerhood) to early childhood conduct problems. These findings demonstrated how processes of risk and resilience collectively contributed to children's early onset conduct problems.

Early Childhood Victimization and Physical Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Developmental and Person-Oriented Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J. Narayan ◽  
Melissa J. Hagan ◽  
Emily Cohodes ◽  
Luisa M. Rivera ◽  
Alicia F. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Target Child ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization during pregnancy is a major public health concern, yet little is known about how risk factors for IPV during pregnancy may depend on whether women have histories of victimization dating back to early childhood (ages 0-5 years). This study examined whether risk factors for physical IPV victimization during pregnancy (a pregnancy that was not planned and prenatal substance use) differed for women with versus without early childhood victimization. Participants were 236 ethnically diverse, low-income biological mothers ( M = 30.94 years; 50.0% Latina, 16.9% Caucasian, 13.1% African American, and 16.9% multiracial) of children aged 0 to 6 years. Mothers were classified into four groups based on whether they had experienced early childhood victimization and physical IPV victimization during pregnancy with the target child. Multinomial logistic regressions, controlling for demographic characteristics, examined whether a pregnancy not planned and prenatal substance use predicted group membership. Compared to mothers with early victimization only, mothers with both early childhood victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy were more than 3 times as likely to report that their pregnancy with the target child was not planned. In follow-up analyses, mothers with early victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy also reported higher lifetime parity than mothers with physical IPV during pregnancy but no early victimization. Early childhood victimization may place women on a risk pathway to physical IPV during pregnancy, particularly if the pregnancy is not planned. Prevention and policy efforts should screen women for early childhood victimization to understand risks for physical IPV during pregnancy.

Risk factors associated with substance use

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel M. Barber ◽  
Alexandra Crouch ◽  
Stephen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Factors Associated

Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Baker ◽  
Keith A. Edmonds ◽  
Maegan L. Calvert ◽  
Sarah M. Sanders ◽  
Ana J. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Studying the Birth Outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Areej Noaman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Healthy Mother

  Background : A successful birth outcome is defined as the birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother. While relatively low in industrialized world, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and neonatal deaths occur disproportionately in developing countries. Aim of the Study: To assess birth outcome and identify some risk factors affecting it for achieving favorable birth outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

Subjective factors affecting gun shooting accuracy among employees of internal affairs agencies in process of learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Anton Rozhkov ◽  
Anton Popov ◽  
Vitaliy Balahonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
In Fire

The article is devoted to the study of subjective factors affecting shooting accuracy of law enforcement officers. The empirical study identified some subjective factors reducing gun shooting accuracy and effectiveness among law enforcers. These characteristics include sensorimotor coordination and subjective experience of stress during the shooting process. Scientific analysis made it possible to determine statistical significance of the influence of these factors on the accuracy of shooting. To increase the effectiveness of shooting among officers with a low index of sensorimotor coordination, the authors suggest using exercises aimed at cultivating sensorimotor coordination in fire training classes. While working with employees being under a high level of subjectively experienced stress, more attention should be paid to training techniques to overcome stress and form intelligent behavior in extreme situations. The authors also draw readers’ attention to factors increasing the effectiveness of shooting: officers’ ability to determine the subjective level of stress, their knowledge of emotional self-regulation techniques, knowledge of the sequence of their actions in the firing line.

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