Biological taxon names are descriptive names

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy A. Brzozowski
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Names

'God' the name

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Earl Stanley Bragado Fronda
Keyword(s):  
Definite Description ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
Jack The Ripper

The word ‘God’ is typically thought to be a proper name, a name of a defined entity. From another position it appears to be a description that is fundamentally synonymous to ‘the first of all causes’, or ‘the font et origo of the structure of possibilities’, or ‘the provenience of being’, or ‘the generator of existence’. This lends credence to the view that ‘God’ is a truncated definite description. However, this article proposes that ‘God’ is a name given to whatever is that which is the first of all causes, the font et origo of the structure of possibilities, the provenience of being, the generator of existence. If so, then it is a descriptive name. Yet even among descriptive names ‘God’ is unique, for it is neither convertible to a proper name (unlike ‘Neptune’), nor to a definite description (unlike ‘Jack the Ripper’ and ‘Deep Throat’). ‘God’ is an inveterate descriptive name.

NATIVE NAMES OF SHRUBS AND BUSHES IN THE DIALECTS OF NOTHERN EUROPEAN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Olga Teush
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
European North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rose Hip ◽  
Russian Dialect ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article is devoted to the names of the shrubs and bushes in the dialects of European North of Russia. The whole complex of lexemes is analyzed in relation to the origin and semantic connections of the words. The article determines the etymological origins of the key lexeme in the group – «a bush» with a reconstructed meaning «to stand, to stick out of the ground» . The research describes dialect derivatives of the root «kust-«. The author identifies contaminated words on the basis of the seme «dense». Northern Russian dialect names of the bush or shrub are considered in the onomasiological, semasiological, and lexical aspects. The article performs analysis of collective forms derived from «vitsa» as a flexible man-made rod, a branch, and «prut» as «a thin broken or cut branch without leaves» with Slavic origin. The active use of Russian roots like «ros- / rost- / rast-» of Indo-European antiquity is noted. Moreover, the article describes numerous species names. The largest number of nominations is discovered for the willow shrub: five roots are involved. The root «iv-« in dialects appears both in the original version and with metathesis (>«vi-«). In Northern Russian dialect zone the most active word formations are derived from the proto-Slavic origin of the root «bred-«. They form an extensive word-formation nest. The author interprets species appellative names of juniper, cherry bush, rose hip, hawthorn, gooseberry, hazel bushes. The article points out a wide use of names used to describe a dense bush with a root «chap- / tsap-» in the dialects of European North of Russia. The article analyzes the lexemes used to name the shrubs growing on the hills. The most numerous words are the names of water-bushes. Secondary names of shrubs and bushes growing on the hills or in the forests and marshlands are more rarely used. Descriptive names of scrup in abandoned fields are used in only one context. Pragmatic and metaphorical names are infrequent.

Some challenges in the naming and measuring of nanocellulose

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 4671-4674
Author(s):  
Yian Chen ◽  
Cunzhi Zhang ◽  
Haisong Qi ◽  
Martin A. Hubbe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Degree Of Branching ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Inherent Strength ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
Aspect Ratio Distribution

Due to its renewable nature, its inherent strength, and many other favorable attributes, nanocellulose (NC) has drawn increasing attention for many potential applications. A diverse and complex assortment of NC products have been reported, and these are most commonly classified based on some contrasting procedures of preparation. The research community is facing a continuing challenge to adequately measure and quantify morphological features of various NC products. In principle, it ought to be possible to quantify and name NC based on such attributes as “degree of branching,” “breadth of particle size,” and “aspect ratio distribution,” etc. However, the ability to measure and compute such quantities still lies beyond what can be achieved in practical amounts of time in typical laboratories. Meanwhile, there has been tension between researchers proposing additional descriptive names, while at the same time there have been efforts at achieving uniformity and simplicity in nomenclature. It is proposed in this essay that this state of affairs is largely a reflection of complexity itself, such that NC products that have the same nominal description can be very different from each other when examined closely. The diversity itself may turn out to be a good thing, as researchers work to come up with varieties of NC that can survive an expected relentless competition from existing plastic-based or cellulose-based materials.

From COVID-19 to COVID-666: Quasi-religious mentality and ideologies in Nigerian coronavirus pandemic discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Chimuanya ◽  
Ebuka Elias Igwebuike
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
World View ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
Frame Theory ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
The Devil

In response to the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, different religious-immune conspiracy theories emerged to explain the increasing scary situation in Nigeria. Emerging multifarious narratives of the contagion, which are embedded in peculiar Nigerian socio-religiosity and religious economy, reconstructed the discourses into two complexities: corona disease is an invention of the devil and other dark evil forces, and corona disease is a sign of the end of times. The obvious fabrications escalated uncertainties surrounding the pandemic as well as generated anxiety and fears among potential believers who sermonize spiritual vigilance for the ‘final battle and journey’. Drawing insights from critical discourse analysis, moral panic and frame theory, this study explores discursive means through which the pandemic is represented and reconstructed as long-awaited ‘doomsday’ warning in Nigerian online communities. Findings reveal instances of varying descriptive names, lexical derivations and discursive frames that reflect counter belief and quasi-religious ideologies. The study argues that complex religious doctrines rooted in antichrist or mark of the beast view, socio-religious ideologies of dominionism and overcommernism, cultural and personal linguistic processes have all contributed in shaping and institutionalizing the viral ‘apocalyptic’ world-view of the outbreak.

scholarly journals Blackburn’s Supervenience Argument Against Moral Realism: Revisited

Metaphysica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Harold W. Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Realism ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
Descriptive Names

AbstractBlackburn argues against naturalistic moral realism. He argues that there is no conceptual entailment from satisfying a naturalistic predicate to satisfying a moral predicate. But the moral is conceptually supervenient on the natural. However, this conjunction of conceptual supervenience with lack of conceptual entailment is something the non-realist can explain, but the realist cannot. I argue first that Blackburn’s best formulation of his challenge is his first one. Subsequently he reformulates it as a demand for a ‘ban on mixed worlds’. Critics have directed their arguments against this formulation but they are ineffective against Blackburn’s first formulation. My second thesis is, even so formulated the realist can meet the challenge. The bare conceptual supervenience of the moral on the natural can be given a realist explanation by understanding names of moral properties as descriptive names of natural properties.

El mundo animal en el folklore de los triques de Copala

Tlalocan ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena E. De Hollenbach
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Present Collection ◽  
Descriptive Names

The present collection of folk beliefs about animals was gathered during sixteen years of fieldwork by the author among the Copala Trique of the Mixteca region of Oaxaca. She divides over 250 beliefs into twelve groups: (1) supernatural "owners" of animals; (2) animal counterparts (or tonas) of people; (3) animals as omens predicting weather, climate, and agriculture; (4) animals as evil omens; (5) animals as other types of omens; (6) animals that punish people who violate cultural norms; (7) animals that avenge people who harm them; (8) animals that appear in myths and tales; (9) animals that are harmful, medicinal, and magic; (10) ficticious animals; (11) descriptive names of animals; and (12) miscellaneous beliefs about animals.

Classification of Australian garlic cultivars by DNA fingerprinting

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Bradley ◽  
MA Rieger ◽  
GG Collins
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Binary Format ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Descriptive Names

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) reproduces only by vegetative propagation yet displays considerable morphological variation within and between cultivars. The origins of Australian cultivars are uncertain and the descriptive names applied to them may not reflect their derivation. Twenty common Australian garlic cultivars were analysed by the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique using 20 random decamer primers. The amplification products of 5 of these primers resulted in 65 clear polymorphic bands. These bands were transformed into a binary format, and genetic similarities calculated using a simple matching coefficient. The similarities were used to perform a cluster analysis and produce a dendrogram grouping the cultivars. Bolting and intermediate/non-bolting types could be differentiated from each other. These could be further subdivided into 4 groups based on length of growing season.

scholarly journals Cognitive Focus

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Imogen Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Singular Thought ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Mental Files ◽  
Causal Theories ◽  
Descriptive Names

The first part of the chapter motivates a unifying alternative to causal theories and description theories of reference and aboutness. The alternative account is built around a claim which the chapter argues brings out the significance for theories of reference and aboutness of the fact that justification is truth conducive: the claim that an aboutness-fixing relation is one which secures what the chapter calls “cognitive focus” on an object of thought. The second part of the chapter argues that a “singular thought” just is a thought made available by a cognitive focus relation, and uses the cognitive focus framework to advance the discussion of descriptive names. An Appendix explains why, though the proposal is a “mental files” proposal, it is better stated without use of this term.

scholarly journals RF POSTSOVIET URBANONYMY: MAIN NOMINATION MOTIVES AND CITIZENS’ EXPECTATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Roman V. Razumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The People ◽  
New Models ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Descriptive Names

The aim of this article is the analysis of RF postsoviet urbanonymy, comparison of the nomination motives with those expectations which exist in the society. The author reveals the idea on the example of the titles, names of 23 towns and cities of different regions of RF. The material is analysed in the article according to onomasiological viewpoint. It is compared with the data of sociological surveys in Yaroslavl and Krasnoyarsk. The main attention is given to the analysis of modern onymic situation and the peculiarities of nomination motives. Toponymic committees are an expert body whose decisions serve as recommendations for local executive and legislature branches. Nowadays the main stream of citizens and organizations appeals is connected with the perpetuation in urban toponymy the memory of the people. The author highlighted three motives in object nomination in postsoviet urbanonymy: memorial nomination (names-memoratives), descriptive nomination (names-characteristics), evsemantic nomination (names-positives). The major nomination motive of the objects is creating memoratives. The main peculiarity of this type of urbanonisms development in the postsoviet period is the translation of regional identity with new models. Among personal memoratives new models of names appeared: urbanonyms named after saints and priests, heroes of prerevolution Russian history, local enterprises’ directors, law enforcement workers perished at work, sportsmen, coaches. The author showed main complexities of descriptive names creating. He thinks that it is important to create evsemantic urbanonyms with great care. When creating them it is necessary to fix the names of natural phenomena and rare and endangered species of plants, birds, animals typical for this or that region where onyms are thought over. In the conclusion of the article the author assumes that in each city or town it is necessary to work out the concept of regional urbanonymy policy and to attract historians, culturologists, philologists and ethnographers. showed main complexities of descriptive names creating. He thinks that it is important to create evsemantic urbanonyms with great care. When creating them it is necessary to fix the names of natural phenomena and rare and endangered species of plants, birds, animals typical for this or that region where onyms are thought over. In the conclusion of the article the author assumes that in each city or town it is necessary to work out the concept of regional urbanonymy policy and to attract historians, culturologists, philologists and ethnographers.

scholarly journals Hodonymy of Chengdu and Yekaterinburg: a Comparative Aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
E. E. Ivanova ◽  
Ling Lan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
National History ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
The City

The nominative types and models of the hodonyms of Chengdu and Yekaterinburg is compared in the article, the task of finding universals in the hodonymy is set. There are three main types of hodonyms: descriptive, memorial, and conventionally symbolic. Comparative analysis has shown that the descriptive type can be recognized as universal, since it most fully reflects the main function of the hodonyms: an indication of the location of the object and its characteristics. The authors note that this is the most ancient type for the spontaneously forming hodonymicon of any city. It has been proved that in Yekaterinburg in the Soviet era, descriptive hodonyms are supplanted by memorial ones, these are, first of all, names — dedications to memorable dates and milestones in national history, to specific persons associated with the history of the country and the city. It has been established that descriptive names remain the most widespread in Chengdu, and conventionally symbolic type hodonyms are also popular, among which names, including traditional symbols of Chinese culture, good wishes, as well as abstract concepts expressing various positive qualities predominate. It is emphasized in the article that the hodonyms of the memorial and conditionally symbolic type in Chengdu and Yekaterinburg are fundamentally different, being a reflection of the history and culture of their countries

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