scholarly journals Development of Strategies to Prevent Third Rail Insulator Failures in Transit Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Behzad Rouhanizadeh ◽  
Sharareh Kermanshachi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractFailures of third rail insulators, which often impose problems that affect the serviceability of transit systems, rarely have been investigated. This study examines various aspects of third rail systems, identifies causes of insulator failures, and develops and categorizes preventive strategies. To accomplish the goals, the existing literature was reviewed and analyzed to identify various characteristics of third rails and insulators. Then, five transit case studies were analyzed to determine the characteristics of third rails, identify the causes of insulator failures, and evaluate the preventive strategies adopted by transit agencies. The results revealed that local environmental conditions cause degradation of insulators, with dirt build-up being the biggest contributor to failure. Performing maintenance and inspections of insulators at predetermined intervals was also shown to be very effective for preventing failure. The preventive strategies were classified into three categories: regular inspections; preventive maintenance programs; and regulation and safety, with regular inspections being the most frequently adopted. Findings of this study will serve as an appropriate source of information for practitioners who work with third rail systems and will help them adopt effective strategies.

scholarly journals Third-Rail Insulator Failure Causes and Mitigating Practices: A Comparative Study of Multiple Case Studies in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Behzad Rouhanizadeh ◽  
Sharareh Kermanshachi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Multiple Case Studies ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Appropriate Practices ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractRail transit systems are one of the most important and popular types of transit systems used daily in metropolitan areas all around the world. The third rail is one of the providers of traction power in electrified rail systems, but it faces several issues, such as insulator failures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of insulator failures, which have not been comprehensively studied and presented in the literature. To accomplish this objective, eight transit systems with third rails were selected to (1) investigate the characteristics of third-rail systems, (2) determine the causes of insulator failures, (3) analyze the costs associated with insulator failures, and (4) determine mitigating practices to reduce the number and cost of insulator failures. After a thorough literature review, details of eight case studies were collected from different transit agencies, and their subject matter experts were asked to complete a survey and provide input. The results revealed that a build-up of dirt was the major cause of the 17 identified causes of insulator failures; carbon dust and dirt were identified as the most present particles in third-rail systems. It was noted that transit agencies often implement multiple mitigating practices such as cleaning the insulator, performing visual inspections, and conducting regular maintenance to reduce the number and cost of insulator failures. The findings of this study will help decision-makers for transit systems make timely decisions to prevent third-rail insulator failures and adopt appropriate practices that best fit their transit system.

Transit-Focused Development and Light Rail Systems: The Lite Connection

1998 ◽  
Vol 1623 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Business District ◽  
Heavy Rail

Building on a 19-region study of transit-focused development, some directions are suggested for evolving development opportunities associated with the light rail transit systems built and planned in recent decades. Transportation and land use planners continue to propound the concept of transit-focused development that can increase use of transit systems, reduce dependency on automobiles, create desirable living and working environments, and help to meet environmental goals. In their expectations of achieving a substantial amount of transit-focused development, however, planners must recognize the realities of the real estate markets, public policy trends, and the nature of rail lines themselves. Especially along the light rail lines that provide service in many regions, development opportunities will be influenced by changes in the development industry and its primary markets, increasing deference to neighborhood and community groups in decision making regarding development, and the generally lower intensity of use of suburban rail stations compared with many stations along heavy rail lines. Successful development around light rail stations, as with heavy rail systems, will require a timely confluence of market demand with supportive public policies and actions. Unlike experience with heavy rail systems, however, noncentral-business-district stations on light rail lines are more likely to attract relatively small, uncomplicated projects. Transit agencies and local governments will be required to invest more time and energy in nurturing these kinds of projects.

Loom weights in Archaic South Italy and Sicily: Fice case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 123-155
Author(s):  
Hedvig Landenius Enegren
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Tool Technology

Textiles are perishables in the archaeological record unless specific environmental conditions are met. Fortunately, the textile tools used in their manufacture can provide a wealth of information and via experimental archaeology make visible to an extent what has been lost. The article presents and discusses the results obtained in a research project focused on textile tool technologies and identities in the context of settler and indigenous peoples, at select archaeological sites in South Italy and Sicily in the Archaic and Early Classical periods, with an emphasis on loom weights. Despite a common functional tool technology, the examined loom weights reveal an intriguing inter-site specificity, which, it is argued, is the result of hybrid expressions embedded in local traditions. Experimental archaeology testing is applied in the interpretation of the functional qualities of this common artefact.

Simulation-based vulnerability assessment in transit systems with cascade failures

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 126441
Author(s):  
Hongyu Chen ◽  
Limao Zhang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
Xiaosong Dai
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
In Transit

Study of Transient Voltages in Transit Systems

1975 ◽  
Vol EMC-17 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritindra Chowdhuri
Keyword(s):  
Transit Systems ◽  
Transient Voltages ◽  
In Transit

scholarly journals Regional differences between rural areas of Serbia in population aging and agricultural activities: Case studies of the Indjija and Knjazevac municipalities

Spatium ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Pantic ◽  
Jelena Zivanovic-Miljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
National Level ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Source Of Information

As one of the signs of demographic change, population aging influences various spatial categories: economic activities, social features, land-use, perspectives for future development and more. Even though the process is indicative on a national level, there are significant differences among geographically and functionally distinctive regions. Based on considerable regional differences in the development of Serbia, this paper analyses the key problems of rural areas related to the interdependences of population aging and agricultural activities. Research on aging processes, changes in agricultural activities and their features is based here on the examples of two case studies. The Indjija and Knjazevac Municipalities have been chosen to represent geographically different regions - lowland and mountainous. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches in order to achieve a better understanding of the situation. Statistical data were used to illustrate processes of aging and agriculture where data from two census years indicate a trend of changes. Interviews conducted with representatives of local government, entrepreneurs and local citizens from the villages are the source of information for quantitative analysis. Population aging and agriculture are examined separately, followed by an illustration of their interdependences.

scholarly journals Night-Time Operations in Transit Systems: Evaluating the Athens Metro Owl Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Veliou ◽  
Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou ◽  
Matthew Karlaftis
Keyword(s):  
Night Time ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
In Transit

NYC Transit Flood Resiliency: Case Studies of Recently Completed Mitigation Strategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Savery
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Deployment Time

<p>MTA New York City Transit (NYCT) suffered significant damage from Hurricane Sandy in 2012, and hired Arup to design flood mitigation strategies for various system vulnerabilities.</p><p>Arup developed innovative permanent solutions to mitigate the various system vulnerabilities identified, including working with specialty fabricators to develop products for these specific purposes in order to provide the required protection of up to 14 feet of flood depth.</p><p>These efforts have resulted in innovate, new, purpose driven methods of flood mitigation that were not previously available on the market. These new systems result in dramatically reduced deployment time ahead of a storm event as well as a significant increase in the performance of the mitigation including reduced leakage rates.</p><p>This paper reviews various system vulnerabilities present in transit systems and presents case studies for the various mitigation strategies that were developed.</p>

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