scholarly journals Age, Gender, and Crime in a Stockholm Birth Cohort to Age 64

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffer Carlsson ◽  
Fredrik Sivertsson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gender And Crime ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractWe study the criminal histories of 14,608 males and females in a full Stockholm birth cohort born in 1953 to age 64. Using an update of The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study data, we explore the amount of crimes recorded in the cohort before and after the advent of adulthood. We break down the age/crime curve into separate parameters, including onset, duration, and termination. Throughout, we utilize the large number of females (49%; n = 7 161) in the cohort, and compare long-term patterns of male and female criminal careers. Next, we focus on adulthood, and explore the existence and parameters of the adult-onset offender and its contribution to the overall volume of crime in the cohort. While crime peaks in adolescence, the main bulk of crimes in the cohort occurred after the dawning of adulthood. Nearly half of all male, and more than two-thirds of all female, crimes in the cohort occurred after age 25. In the case of violence, the majority of offences — around two-thirds for both genders — took place in adulthood. Around 23% of all males and 38% of all females with a criminal record in the cohort were first recorded for a criminal offence in adulthood. While a majority were convicted only once, a proportion of adult-onset offenders had a considerable risk of recidivism and repeated recidivism. These results suggest that quite a substantial proportion of the population initiate crime in adulthood, and that these offenders account for a nonnegligible proportion of adult crime.

scholarly journals The long‐term cost of childhood conduct problems: Finnish Nationwide 1981 Birth Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Rissanen ◽  
Virpi Kuvaja‐Köllner ◽  
Henrik Elonheimo ◽  
Lauri Sillanmäki ◽  
André Sourander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Conduct Problems ◽  
Childhood Conduct

scholarly journals OP37 Childhood consumption of ultra-processed foods and long-term adiposity trajectories: findings from a UK birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiara Chang ◽  
Neha Khandpur ◽  
Daniela Neri ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Processed Foods

Hospitalizations among children involved in the child protection system: A long-term birth cohort study from infancy to adulthood using administrative data

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 104518
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Sumithran Gnanamanickam ◽  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Jason M. Armfield ◽  
James C. Doidge ◽  
Derek S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
System A

Prenatal and childhood antecedents of suicide: 50-year follow-up of the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-C. Geoffroy ◽  
D. Gunnell ◽  
C. Power
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Childhood Antecedents

BackgroundWe aimed to elucidate early antecedents of suicide including possible mediation by early child development.MethodUsing the 1958 birth cohort, based on British births in March 1958, individuals were followed up to adulthood. We used data collected at birth and at age 7 years from various informants. Suicides occurring up to 31 May 2009 were identified from linked national death certificates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate risk factors.ResultsAltogether 12399 participants (n = 44 suicides) had complete data. The strongest prenatal risk factors for suicide were: birth order, with risk increasing in later-born children [ptrend = 0.063, adjusted hazard ratio (HR)], e.g. for fourth- or later-born children [HR = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–5.75]; young maternal age (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.34–4.13 for ⩽19 years and HR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.19–0.91 for >29 years, ptrend = 0.034); and low (<2.5 kg) birth weight (HR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.03–5.95). The strongest risk factors at 7 years were externalizing problems in males (HR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.03–8.47, ptrend = 0.050) and number of emotional adversities (i.e. parental death, neglected appearance, domestic tension, institutional care, contact with social services, parental divorce/separation and bullying) for which there was a graded association with risk of suicide (ptrend = 0.033); the highest (HR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.01–9.62) was for persons with three or more adversities.ConclusionsRisk factors recorded at birth and at 7 years may influence an individual's long-term risk of suicide, suggesting that trajectories leading to suicide have roots in early life. Some factors are amenable to intervention, but for others a better understanding of causal mechanisms may provide new insights for intervention to reduce suicide risk.

scholarly journals Birthweight, lifetime obesity and physical functioning in mid-adulthood: a nationwide birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Trivedy Rogers ◽  
Chris Power ◽  
Snehal M Pinto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background Evidence is scant on long-term implications of childhood obesity and body mass index (BMI) gains over the life-course for poor physical functioning (PF). The objective was to establish whether (i) birthweight and BMI across the life-course, (ii) BMI gains at specific life-stages and (iii) age of obesity onset were associated with PF at 50 y. Methods In the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 8674), BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using height and weight [measured (7, 11, 16, 33 and 45 y); self-reported (23 and 50 y)]. PF was assessed at 50 y using the validated PF subscale of the Short-form 36 survey; the bottom (gender-specific) 10% was classified as poor PF. Missing data were imputed via multiple imputation. Associations were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for health and social factors. Results Birthweight was not associated with PF. At each adult age, odds of poor PF were highest for obese (vs normal), e.g. for 23 y obesity the odds ratio (OR)adjusted for poor PF was 2.28 (1.34, 3.91) and 2.67 (1.72, 4.14) in males and females respectively. BMI gains were associated with poor PF, e.g. for females, ORadjusted per standard deviation (SD) in BMI gain 16–23 y was 1.28 (1.13, 1.46); for BMI gains 45–50 y it was 1.36 (1.11, 1.65). Longer duration of obesity was associated with poor PF, e.g. in males, ORadjusted was 2.32 (1.26, 4.29) for childhood obesity onset and 1.50 (1.16, 1.96) for mid-adulthood onset (vs never obese, P-trend &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Obesity, BMI gains, and earlier obesity onset were associated with poor PF in mid-adulthood, reinforcing the importance of preventing and delaying obesity onset.

scholarly journals Smoking and Menstrual Problems in 16-Year-Olds

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Charlton ◽  
David While
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
The People ◽  
Never Smokers

The British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) is a cohort study which follows all the people born in England, Scotland and Wales in the week of 5–11 April 1970. The data described here were from the postal questionnaires returned by 2181 young women aged between 16 and 16½ in 1986. Thirty-nine per cent of the respondents had never smoked, 39% had smoked at some time and 22% were regular smokers. Most of the respondents indicated that they had one or more of the following symptoms associated with menstruation: pain, depression, irritability, headaches, cramps. Analysis of the data showed that regular smokers were significantly more likely than those who had never smoked to have all these symptoms. Whilst the percentage of ‘sometime smokers’ experiencing pain, depression and headaches fell between smokers and ‘never-smokers’, the percentage experiencing unpleasant symptoms in general, irritability and cramps was the same as for regular smokers. If causality could be demonstrated, messages about immediate health problems such as these might be more powerful health education to young women than information about long-term risks.

Psychiatric disorders diagnosed in adolescence and subsequent long-term exclusion from education, employment or training: longitudinal national birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ida Ringbom ◽  
Jaana Suvisaari ◽  
Antti Kääriälä ◽  
Andre Sourander ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Important Indicator

Background Long-term ‘not in education, employment or training’ (NEET) status is an important indicator of youth marginalisation. Aims To carry out a comprehensive overview of the associations between different psychiatric illnesses and long-term NEET status. Method We used the register-based 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort study, which includes all live births in Finland during that year. The analyses comprised 55 273 individuals after exclusions for intellectual disability, death or emigration. We predicted that psychiatric disorders, diagnosed by specialist services between 1998 and 2007 when the cohort were 10–20 years of age, would be associated with subsequent long-term NEET (defined as NEET for at least 5 years between 2008 and 2015, when they were 20–28 years of age). Results In total, 1438 individuals (2.6%) were long-term NEET during follow-up and the associations between long-term NEET and the 11 diagnostic categories we studied were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In multivariate models we included sociodemographic characteristics and upper secondary education as covariates, and the highest effect sizes, measured by odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were found for psychosis (OR = 12.0, 95% CI 9.5–15.2) and autism spectrum disorder (OR = 17.3, 95% CI 11.5–26.0). If individuals had not successfully completed this education, 70.6% of those with autism spectrum disorder and 48.4% of those with psychosis were later long-term NEET. Conclusions Adolescents who receive treatment for psychiatric disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder or psychosis, need support to access education and employment. This could help to prevent marginalisation in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Determinants of long-term unemployment in early adulthood: A Finnish birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 100410
Author(s):  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Martta Kerkelä ◽  
Tiina Ristikari ◽  
Marko Merikukka ◽  
Heikki Hiilamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Predictors of Early Introduction of Core and Discretionary Foods in Australian Infants—Results from HSHK Birth Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendar Manohar ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
Sameer Bhole ◽  
Amit Arora
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Early Ninety

Early introduction of complementary foods can have a detrimental impact on children’s long-term health. This study examined the timing and determinants of early introduction of core and discretionary foods among infants in Sydney, Australia. Mothers (n = 1035) from an ongoing population-based birth cohort study were interviewed at 8, 17, 34 and 52 weeks postpartum. The outcome was ‘age at which particular core and discretionary food items were first introduced’. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate family and infant-related determinants of early introduction of core (<17 weeks of age) and discretionary foods (<52 weeks of age). Of the 934 mother-infant dyads interviewed, 12% (n = 113) of infants were introduced core foods before 17 weeks of age (median: 22). Mothers working part-time (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54–7.62) and those exclusively formula-feeding their babies at four-weeks postpartum (adjusted OR 3.26, 95% CI: 1.99–5.33) were most likely to introduce core foods early. Ninety-five percent (n = 858) of infants were introduced discretionary foods before 52 weeks of age (median: 28). Low socio-economic status was significantly associated with early introduction of discretionary foods (adjusted OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.17–11.78). Compliance with infant feeding guidelines related to core foods was better; however, discretionary foods were introduced early in most infants.

scholarly journals BIRTHWEIGHT, LIFETIME OBESITY, AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING IN MID-ADULTHOOD: A NATIONWIDE BIRTH COHORT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S49-S49
Author(s):  
Nina Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Poor Physical Functioning

Abstract Evidence is scant on long-term implications of body mass index (BMI) gains over the life-course for poor physical functioning (PF). Using the 1958 British birth cohort (N=8,674) we examine whether i) birthweight and BMI across the life-course; ii) BMI gains at specific life-stages; and iii) age of obesity onset, were associated with PF at 50y. At each adult age, obesity was associated with poor PF (e.g. for males at 23y adjusted-ORs for poor PF was 2.28(1.34,3.91)). BMI gains were associated with poor PF (e.g. for females, adjusted-OR per SD BMI gain 16-23y was 1.28(1.13,1.46)). Longer obesity duration was associated with poor PF (e.g. for males, adjusted-OR was 2.32(1.26,4.29) for childhood obesity onset, and 1.50(1.16,1.96) for mid-adulthood onset); associations were abolished with further adjustment for 50y BMI. Obesity, BMI gains, and earlier obesity onset were associated with poor PF in mid-adulthood reinforcing the importance of preventing obesity early in the lifecourse.

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