Problems of Translation for Cross-Cultural Experimental Philosophy

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-500
Author(s):  
Masashi Kasaki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Problems Of Translation

scholarly journals Individual and Cross-Cultural Differences in Semantic Intuitions: New Experimental Findings

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 322-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Beebe ◽  
Ryan Undercoffer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Anchoring Effects ◽  
Semantic Reference ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Epistemic Perspective

In 2004 Edouard Machery, Ron Mallon, Shaun Nichols and Stephen Stich published what has become one of the most widely discussed papers in experimental philosophy, in which they reported that East Asian and Western participants had different intuitions about the semantic reference of proper names. A flurry of criticisms of their work has emerged, and although various replications have been performed, many critics remain unconvinced. We review the current debate over Machery et al.’s (2004) results and take note of which objections to their work have been satisfactorily answered and which ones still need to be addressed. We then report the results of studies that reveal significant cross-cultural and intra-cultural differences in semantic intuitions when we control for variables that critics allege have had a potentially distorting effect on Machery et al.’s findings. These variables include the epistemic perspective from which participants are supposed to understand the research materials, unintended anchoring effects of those materials, and pragmatic factors involved in the interpretation of speech acts within them. Our results confirm the robustness of the cross-cultural differences observed by Machery et al. and thereby strengthen the philosophical challenge they pose.

Experimental and Cross-Cultural Epistemology

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-232
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stoltz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Buddhist Epistemology ◽  
Experimental Epistemology ◽  
Tacit Assumptions ◽  
Is Value ◽  
The Way

Chapter 10 examines how contemporary trends in experimental philosophy can benefit from the study of Buddhist epistemology. In particular, it explores the question of whether an appreciation of Buddhist epistemology could inform philosophers about both the merits of experimental epistemology and experimental philosophy’s emphasis on probing intuitions about knowledge. The second half of the chapter steps back from this examination of experimental philosophy and argues that there is value to be found in contemporary philosophers learning more about other traditions of epistemological theorizing, including the Indian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions of epistemology. Among other things, it can serve to change the way we view our own tradition of epistemology and lay bare the tacit assumptions that undergird contemporary discussions of knowledge.

scholarly journals Intuitions About the Reference of Proper Names: a Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah van Dongen ◽  
Matteo Colombo ◽  
Felipe Romero ◽  
Jan Sprenger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Follow Up Studies

Abstract The finding that intuitions about the reference of proper names vary cross-culturally (Machery et al. Cognition 92: 1–12. 2004) was one of the early milestones in experimental philosophy. Many follow-up studies investigated the scope and magnitude of such cross-cultural effects, but our paper provides the first systematic meta-analysis of studies replicating (Machery et al. Cognition 92: 1–12. 2004). In the light of our results, we assess the existence and significance of cross-cultural effects for intuitions about the reference of proper names.

scholarly journals Western Skeptic vs Indian Realist. Cross-Cultural Differences in Zebra Case Intuitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sękowski ◽  
Adrian Ziółkowski ◽  
Maciej Tarnowski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Gettier Case ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge Ascriptions ◽  
Larger Sample

AbstractThe cross-cultural differences in epistemic intuitions reported by Weinberg, Nichols and Stich (2001; hereafter: WNS) laid the ground for the negative program of experimental philosophy. However, most of WNS’s findings were not corroborated in further studies. The exception here is the study concerning purported differences between Westerners and Indians in knowledge ascriptions concerning the Zebra Case, which was never properly replicated. Our study replicates the above-mentioned experiment on a considerably larger sample of Westerners (n = 211) and Indians (n = 204). The analysis found a significant difference between the ethnic groups in question in the predicted direction: Indians were more likely to attribute knowledge in the Zebra Case than Westerners. In this paper, we offer an explanation of our result that takes into account the fact that replications of WNS’s other experiments did not find any cross-cultural differences. We argue that the Zebra Case is unique among the vignettes tested by WNS since it should not be regarded as a Gettier case but rather as a scenario exhibiting skeptical pressure concerning the reliability of sense-perception. We argue that skepticism towards perception as a means of gaining knowledge is a trope that is deeply rooted in Western epistemology but is very much absent from Classical Indian philosophical inquiry. This line of reasoning is based on a thorough examination of the skeptical scenarios discussed by philosophers of the Indian Nyaya tradition and their adversaries.

scholarly journals Intuitions about the Reference of Proper Names: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah N'Djaye Nikolai van Dongen ◽  
Matteo Colombo ◽  
Felipe Romero ◽  
Jan Sprenger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Follow Up Studies

The finding that intuitions about the reference of proper names vary cross-culturally (Machery et al., 2004) was one of the early milestones in experimental philosophy. Many follow-up studies investigated the scope and magnitude of such cross-cultural effects, but our paper provides the first systematic meta-analysis of replications of that original study. In the light of our results, we assess the existence and significance of cross-cultural effects for intuitions about the reference of proper names.

Problems of Translation in Cross-Cultural Research

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Sechrest ◽  
Todd L. Fay ◽  
S. M. Hafeez Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Problems Of Translation

Experimental Philosophy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Knobe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Key Points

The aim of the article is to review existing work in experimental philosophy. The experimental philosophy seeks to examine the phenomena that have been traditionally associated with philosophy using the methods that have more recently been developed within cognitive science. Conceptual analysis frequently relies on appeals to intuition, but it is rarely made clear precisely whose intuitions are being discussed. The emphasis in cross-cultural work in experimental philosophy has been shifting toward the study of moral judgments, with papers exploring cross-cultural differences in intuitions about consequentialism and moral responsibility. Philosophers have been working on the relationship between moral responsibility and determinism. One of the key points of contention is whether moral responsibility and determinism are compatible or incompatible. Philosophers working within the framework of the analytic project have long engaged in the study of people's intuitions, but their real interest has not typically been in human beings and the way they think. They work to understand the true nature of the properties and relations that people's concepts pick out. Some philosophers believe that the most important and fundamental issues are somehow getting overlooked as researchers turn more and more to empirically informed work in cognitive science.

scholarly journals Analiza empirycznych argumentów na rzecz tezy o zróżnicowaniu kulturowym intuicji epistemicznych

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-102
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sękowski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Folk Epistemology

An analysis of empirical arguments for the thesis on cultural diversity of epistemic intuitionsThe founding text for the new current in modern philosophy—experimental philosophy—can be seen in Jonathan Weinberg, Shaun Nichols and Stephen Stich’s “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions” 2001. The authors describe in this article a study to prove cross-cultural differences in epistemic intuitions. On the basis of their results, they argue that since epistemic intuitions seem to serve a crucial role in the use of thought experiments, contemporary philosophical methodology is highly unjustified.That study has brought about at least three replication attempts Seyedsayamdost 2015; Kim, Yuan 2015; Nagel, San Juan, Mar 2013. None of them confirmed the original results.The aim of this article is to critically analyze in detail Weinberg, Nichols and Stich’s methodology and the three replications mentioned. Regarding the results of my analysis, I will try to examine what conclusions can be drawn with regard to the outcomes of analized studies. In particular I will refer to far-reaching conclusions about the universality of epistemic intuitions or universality of folk epistemology, which are sometimes—hastily, as I will argue—extrapolated from the results of such kind of studies e.g., Kim, Yuan 2015; Kim Yuan 2016.

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