A functional division of Drosophila sweet taste neurons that is value-based and task-specific

Sucrose is an attractive feeding substance and a positive reinforcer for Drosophila. But Drosophila females have been shown to robustly reject a sucrose-containing option for egg-laying when given a choice between a plain and a sucrose-containing option in specific contexts. How the sweet taste system of Drosophila promotes context-dependent devaluation of an egg-laying option that contains sucrose, an otherwise highly appetitive tastant, is unknown. Here, we report that devaluation of sweetness/sucrose for egg-laying is executed by a sensory pathway recruited specifically by the sweet neurons on the legs of Drosophila. First, silencing just the leg sweet neurons caused acceptance of the sucrose option in a sucrose versus plain decision, whereas expressing the channelrhodopsin CsChrimson in them caused rejection of a plain option that was “baited” with light over another that was not. Analogous bidirectional manipulations of other sweet neurons did not produce these effects. Second, circuit tracing revealed that the leg sweet neurons receive different presynaptic neuromodulations compared to some other sweet neurons and were the only ones with postsynaptic partners that projected prominently to the superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) in the brain. Third, silencing one specific SLP-projecting postsynaptic partner of the leg sweet neurons reduced sucrose rejection, whereas expressing CsChrimson in it promoted rejection of a light-baited option during egg-laying. These results uncover that the Drosophila sweet taste system exhibits a functional division that is value-based and task-specific, challenging the conventional view that the system adheres to a simple labeled-line coding scheme.

Multi-objective optimization of alloying elements to enhance the wear resistance and impact strength of HCCI produced by furan sand mold

High Chromium White Cast Iron (HCWCI) plays a major role in manufacturing of wear-resistant components. Due to unique wear resistance property, attribution to the additions of carbide forming elements, they have been used for mill liner applications. By varying the wt% of alloying elements such as Cr, Ti, and Mo, the wear resistance and impact strength of High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) can be increased. To enhance the wear resistance property according to Central Composite Design (CCD), 16 samples were fabricated by varying the wt% of alloying elements. To fabricate the samples, furan sand molds were prepared and used for the further casting process. The properties of Furan sand mold enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the mold rejection rate, production time, etc. To attain the optimum Wear Rate (WR) and Impact Strength (IS) value without dominance, optimization techniques such as Response Surface Methodological (RSM) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) are employed to solve the multi-objective problem. The RSM and PSO predicted optimum solutions are compared by using the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) ranking method. The WASPAS result revealed that when compared to the RSM result, the PSO predicted optimal wt% of chemical composition (22 wt % Cr, 3 wt % Ti, and 2.99 wt % Mo) gives the optimum WR value (53 mm3/min) and IS value (3.77 J). To validate the PSO result, experiments were carried out for the predicted wt% of alloying elements and tested. The difference between the PSO predicted result and experimental result is less than 5% error which clearly shows that PSO is an effective method to solve the multi-objective problem.

Relevansi Industri 4.0 dan Society 5.0 Terhadap Pendidikan Di Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the industrial revolution 4.0 and 5.0 and its relevance to education in Indonesia. Research methods using literature studies that review or critically review the knowledge, ideas, or findings contained in journals, books, and other scientific works The results of research show that the presence of the industrial revolution 4.0 and 5.0 contributed significantly to Indonesian education. One of them is the existence of technology-based learning innovations that make it easier for students to learn without knowing space, time, and place. Industry 4.0 is technology-driven, society 5.0, however, is value-driven. The former requires the latter to remind society's essential needs, values, and responsibilities as the primary target; The latter requires the former for a technological push and solution. Therefore, the development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and 5.0 is expected to bring progress to the development of education, especially in Indonesia, by creating change and preparing superior and innovative graduates with skills that have been prepared in advance.

A New Approach For Calculating Inherent Strain and Distortion in Additive Manufacturing of Metal Parts

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic parts is widely utilized for industrial applications. However, quality issues of the printed parts, including part distortion and cracks caused by high temperature and fast cooling, result in high residual stress. This is a challenge that limits the industry acceptance of AM. To overcome this challenge, a numerical modeling method for predicting part distortion at the design stage plays an important role, and enables design engineers to remove failures before printing, as well as determine the optimal printing process parameters to minimize part deformation. This research proposes an inherent strain-based part deformation prediction method. To determine the inherent strain (IS) value, a micro-scale model for analyzing the temperature distribution is constructed. The IS value is calculated from the temperature gradient. Then, the IS value is used for determining the part deformation. The proposed methodology has been developed and evaluated, using a 316L stainless steel cantilever beam, in both simulations and experimental results.

What Do Participants Think of Our Research Practices? An Examination of Behavioral Psychology Participants’ Preferences

What research practices should be considered acceptable? Historically, scientists have set the standards for what constitutes acceptable research practices. However, there is value in considering non-scientists’ perspectives, including research participants’. 1,873 participants from MTurk and university subject pools were surveyed after their participation in one of eight minimal-risk studies. We asked participants how they would feel if common research practices were applied to their data: p-hacking/cherry-picking results, selective reporting of studies, Hypothesizing After Results are Known (HARKing), committing fraud, conducting direct replications, sharing data, sharing methods, and open access publishing. An overwhelming majority of psychology research participants think questionable research practices (e.g., p-hacking, HARKing) are unacceptable (68.3--81.3%), and were supportive of practices to increase transparency and replicability (71.4--80.1%). A surprising number of participants expressed positive or neutral views toward scientific fraud, raising concerns about the quality of our data. We grapple with this concern and interpret our results in light of the limitations of our study. Despite ambiguity in our results, we argue that there is evidence (from our study and others’) that researchers may be violating participants’ expectations and should be transparent with participants about how their data will be used.

Wartość jako kategoria ekonomiczna w świetle wielowymiarowości pojęcia „wartość”

The ambiguity of statements may result in a wrong understanding of their content and incorrect decisions made on their basis. The Polish language uses a number of terms of ambiguous meaning, which determine the level of complication in interpreting and assessing the conveyed content. One of the notions included in this category is „value” – a term commonly used in everyday life, as well as extremely widely in the sphere of enterprise science. The dimension of capturing the value creates the essence of this term, constituting the basis of reference in the mechanisms of its determination. The above assumes particular significance in economic processes, where the process of valuation (pricing) arises directly from the essence of the object of reference and the purpose of measurement, the identification of which determines the content of the economic dimension of the „value” under consideration. Economic value – like value in general, is a complex category. Deepening the content of this concept creates the basis for capturing and measuring the widely understood value (of resources, work, enterprise), hence „value” – including in particular „economic value” should be considered an important category from the point of view of the correctness of the course, and then the analysis of conducted economic processes. The problems of defining the concept of „value” inspired the author to write this article. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of the term „value” in the light of its ambiguity, with particular emphasis on the economic dimension of its consideration. The study is based on a review and critical assessment of the available literature and studies, with conclusions.

Qualitative Coding in the Computational Era: A Hybrid Approach to Improve Reliability and Reduce Effort for Coding Ethnographic Interviews

Sociologists have argued that there is value in incorporating computational tools into qualitative research, including using machine learning to code qualitative data. Yet standard computational approaches do not neatly align with traditional qualitative practices. The authors introduce a hybrid human-machine learning approach (HHMLA) that combines a contemporary iterative approach to qualitative coding with advanced word embedding models that allow contextual interpretation beyond what can be reliably accomplished with conventional computational approaches. The results, drawn from an analysis of 87 human-coded ethnographic interview transcripts, demonstrate that HHMLA can code data sets at a fraction of the effort of human-only strategies, saving hundreds of hours labor in even modestly sized qualitative studies, while improving coding reliability. The authors conclude that HHMLA may provide a promising model for coding data sets where human-only coding would be logistically prohibitive but conventional computational approaches would be inadequate given qualitative foci.

Leaders: a comparative analysis of the various leadership styles

It is known that organizations within an evolutionary perspective are in constant learning (learning organizations), so they equip of the ability to learn how to properly respond to the particularities of demands, for this reason organizations understand the need to measure its performance. In this segment of learning and adapting to the demand, the image of the leader and leadership styles become one of the main pillars of strategic management. Therefore, the guiding question of this article lies in a comparative analysis of different leadership styles mainly proposed by three authors: Blanchard and Hersey; Warren Bennis (2001) and Jack Welch; and Max Weber (2016). Other authors have also contributed which came to enrich the epistemological matrix of this research. Thus this research was categorized as basic, analytical, qualitative, of exploratory and descriptive nature due to the observation of facts, analysis and interpretation. Information on the bibliography was classified considering its interpretive epistemological approach. Data were capitulated through reflective reading of theme in focus. One has to conclude that operational compliance process does not counterbalance ineffective people; however, operational compliance process does not block effective people. In this antagonism, the employee ceases to be "simply a piece of Taylor," and goes on to add value, once they have the authority over entire system. The combination between effective leaders and operational compliance process is value-adding for the maintenance and growth of organizations.