scholarly journals Conditional survival analysis for concrete bridge decks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Azam Nabizadeh ◽  
Habib Tabatabai ◽  
Mohammad A. Tabatabai
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Conditional Survival ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
National Bridge Inventory ◽  
Specific Number

AbstractBridge decks are a significant factor in the deterioration of bridges, and substantially affect long-term bridge maintenance decisions. In this study, conditional survival (reliability) analysis techniques are applied to bridge decks to evaluate the age at the end of service life using the National Bridge Inventory records. As bridge decks age, the probability of survival and the expected service life would change. The additional knowledge gained from the fact that a bridge deck has already survived a specific number of years alters (increases) the original probability of survival at subsequent years based on the conditional probability theory. The conditional expected service life of a bridge deck can be estimated using the original and conditional survival functions. The effects of average daily traffic and deck surface area are considered in the survival calculations. Using Wisconsin data, relationships are provided to calculate the probability of survival of bridge decks as well as expected service life at various ages. The concept of survival dividend is presented and the age when rapid deterioration begins is defined.

FE Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks with Glass-FRP Composite Bars

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wei Huang ◽  
Jonathan Davis
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Design Strength ◽  
Gfrp Bars ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Gfrp Bar

In order to resolve the steel corrosion problem in bridge decks, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) has been recommended as a substitute to the conventional steel reinforcement in bridge decks. However, the use of GFRP bars in bridge decks is still limited by several concerns, including the long-term durability of GFRP bars in the concrete under sustained loadings. Literature review showed that the tensile strength reduction of the GFRP bar should be governed by the sustained stress level in the GFRP bar. In this regard, a GFRP reinforced concrete deck was simulated in this paper, aiming to investigate the sustained stress levels in the GFRP bars through three dimensional finite element (FE) modeling. Per AASHTO LRFD specifications, one lane loaded and two lane loaded cases were examined to identify the maximum tensile strains in the internal GFRP bars subjected to dead loads and HL-93 design loadings. The FE results showed that the maximum tensile stresses in GFRP bars under service loads were less than 1% of the GFRP design strength, which implied that the GFRP bars could have excellent long-term performance in real concrete bridge decks.

Comparative Evaluation of Crack Width for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Shivank Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Constant Width ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Reinforcement Bar

Abstract: Cracking in reinforced concrete bridge decks is a massively concern in the India. Many concrete bridge decks, inobservant to the age of construction, have shown different levels and patterns of cracking. Not only does cracking of bridge decks weaken the bridge infrastructure, but also allows the inflow of corrosive agents into the reinforcement. In this study, the crack width evaluation of RC bridge deck of span of 5 m. and 9 m. is based on equations given by IRS Concrete Bridge Code 1997 for different cases like- the effect of depth variation, reinforcement diameter, clear cover, variation in live load moment, spacing of tension reinforcement and different no. of tension reinforcement bar to constant width for the same crosssection. This study concluded that crack width increases with increase in clear cover, variation in live load moment and spacing of tension reinforcement while it decreases with increase in reinforcement diameter, depth of the bridge deck and number of reinforced bars and percentage change evaluation of different parameter of 5m and 9m span bridge deck. Keyword: Crack Width, Cracking, Bridge Deck Slab, Crack Spacing.

Thin Conductive Concrete Overlay for Bridge Deck Deicing and Anti-Icing

2000 ◽  
Vol 1698 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif A. Yehia ◽  
Christopher Y. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Concrete Overlays ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln

Concrete bridge decks are prone to ice accumulation. Bridge decks freeze before the roads approaching them freeze, making wintry highway travel treacherous. Road salts and deicing chemicals are effective for ice removal but cause damage to concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete bridge decks. The resulting rapid degradation of existing concrete pavements and bridge decks is a major concern to transportation and public-works officials. The use of insulation materials for ice control and electric or thermal heating for deicing have been attempted, with unsatisfactory results. Conductive concrete is a cementitious admixture containing electrically conductive components to attain high and stable electrical conductivity. Due to its electrical resistance and impedance, a thin conductive concrete overlay can generate enough heat to prevent ice formation on a bridge deck when connected to a power source. In 1998, Yehia and Tuan, at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, developed a conductive concrete mix specifically for bridge deck deicing. In this application, a conductive concrete overlay is cast on the top of a bridge deck for deicing or anti-icing. The mechanical and physical properties of the conductive concrete mix after 28 days have met ASTM and AASHTO specifications. Two concrete slabs were constructed with a 9-cm (3.5-in.) conductive concrete overlay for conducting deicing experiments in the natural environment. Deicing and anti-icing experiments were conducted in five 1998 snowstorms. Average power of about 590 W/m2 (55 W/ft2) was generated by the conductive concrete overlays to prevent snow and ice accumulation.

scholarly journals Current bridge deck rehabilitation practices : use and effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Ramcharitar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Repair Operation ◽  
Bridge Rehabilitation

Approximately thirty to forty percent of all bridges across North America have some form of deterioration on them. Many organizations/agencies across North America are investing significant amounts of money on repairing and rehabilitating their bridges. The reason being, these bridges are deteriorating due to heavy use (overloading from today's oversized trucks), old age (many built in late 1950s and 1960s) and environmental and chemical attacks (deicing salt applications during the winter season). The purpose of this thesis concentrated on one area, namely bridge decks. To better understand how these organizations/agencies were dealing with bridge deck deterioration, a survey containing thirteen questions was developed and sent out throughout North America, to Department of Transportation, Ministry of Transportation, Municipalities, Bridge Authorities and Consultants. The survey was made up of six parts, each focusing on different areas during a bridge rehabilitation/repair operation. Areas looked at were: Condition Surveys, Concrete Removal, Rehabilitation Techniques, Environmental Impacts and Service Life.

scholarly journals Current bridge deck rehabilitation practices : use and effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Ramcharitar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Repair Operation ◽  
Bridge Rehabilitation

Approximately thirty to forty percent of all bridges across North America have some form of deterioration on them. Many organizations/agencies across North America are investing significant amounts of money on repairing and rehabilitating their bridges. The reason being, these bridges are deteriorating due to heavy use (overloading from today's oversized trucks), old age (many built in late 1950s and 1960s) and environmental and chemical attacks (deicing salt applications during the winter season). The purpose of this thesis concentrated on one area, namely bridge decks. To better understand how these organizations/agencies were dealing with bridge deck deterioration, a survey containing thirteen questions was developed and sent out throughout North America, to Department of Transportation, Ministry of Transportation, Municipalities, Bridge Authorities and Consultants. The survey was made up of six parts, each focusing on different areas during a bridge rehabilitation/repair operation. Areas looked at were: Condition Surveys, Concrete Removal, Rehabilitation Techniques, Environmental Impacts and Service Life.

Impermeable Asphalt Concrete Layer to Protect and Seal Concrete Bridge Decks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Haynes ◽  
Erdem Coleri ◽  
Shashwath Sreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge Deck

Deterioration of the concrete bridge deck is one of the most significant problems affecting the service life of bridges in the United States (U.S.). The early failure of asphalt pavement overlays on concrete bridge decks with spray-on waterproofing membranes has been recognized as a significant issue by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Potential reasons for the failure of the asphalt overlays were thought to be the poor adhesion between the waterproofing membrane and the asphalt-wearing course, and the material properties of the asphalt layer. Moisture penetration into the asphalt overlay and standing water on the concrete bridge deck result in expansion and contraction at the interface on the bridge deck during freeze-thaw cycles. Expansion and contraction because of freeze-thaw cycles cause debonding at the interface and result in an increased rate of deterioration for the asphalt concrete overlay. Additionally, the de-icing salts used to prevent hazardous roadway surfaces in the winter permeate into the deck and cause corrosion of the steel reinforcement, weakening the structural integrity of the bridge. The main goal of this study is to develop an impermeable asphalt mixture with high cracking and rutting resistance that can seal and protect the concrete bridge deck by preventing water and de-icing salts from penetrating into the concrete deck. Permeability of developed asphalt mixtures was quantified by permeability testing and moisture sensor measurements. Rutting and cracking resistance of the developed impermeable asphalt mixture strategies were also evaluated by conducting flow number (FN) and semi-circular bend (SCB) tests in the laboratory.

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