Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp., the causal agent of wheat crown and root rot in Iran

Pyrolyzed biomass waste, commonly called biochar, has attracted interest as a soil amendment. A commercial prototype biochar produced by fast pyrolysis of hardwood dust was examined in soils to determine if it could reduce the damaging effect of allelopathy on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization and on Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus. In greenhouse studies, biochar added at 1.5 and 3.0% (wt/wt) to asparagus field soil caused proportional increases in root weights and linear reductions in the percentage of root lesions caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum compared with a control. Concomitant with these effects was a 100% increase in root colonization by AM fungi at the 3.0% rate. Addition of aromatic acids (cinnamic, coumaric, and ferulic) that are known allelopathic agents affecting asparagus reduced AM colonization but the deleterious effects were not observed following the application of biochar at the higher rate. When dried, ground, asparagus root and crown tissues infested with Fusarium spp. were added to soilless potting mix at 0, 1, or 5 g/liter of potting mix and then planted with asparagus, there was a decrease in asparagus root weight and increase in disease at 1 g/liter of potting mix but results were inconsistent at the higher residue rate. However, when biochar was added at 35 g/liter of potting mix (roughly 10%, vol/vol), these adverse effects on root weight and disease were equal to the nontreated controls. A small demonstration was conducted in field microplots. Those plots amended with biochar (3.5% [wt/wt] soil) produced asparagus plants with more AM colonization in the first year of growth but, in the subsequent year, biochar-treated plants were reduced in size, possibly due to greater than average precipitation and the ability of biochar to retain moisture that, in turn, may have created conditions conducive to root rot. These studies provide evidence that biochar may be useful in overcoming the deleterious effects of allelopathic residues in replant soils on asparagus.

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Organic amendments conditions on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus caused by three Fusarium spp.

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2015134-7905 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. e1009

Author(s):

Ana I. Borrego-Benjumea ◽

José M. Melero-Vara ◽

María J. Basallote-Ureba

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Root Rot ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Lower Severity ◽

Crown And Root Rot ◽

Olive Residue

Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), F. proliferatum (Fp) and F. solani (Fs) are causal agents associated with roots of asparagus affected by crown and root rot, a disease inflicting serious losses worldwide. The propagule viability of Fusarium spp. was determined on substrate artificially infested with Fo5, Fp3 or Fs2 isolates, amended with either poultry manure (PM), its pellet (PPM), or olive residue compost (ORC) and, thereafter, incubated at 30 or 35°C for different periods. Inoculum viability was significantly affected by these organic amendments (OAs) in combination with temperature and incubation period. The greatest reduction in viability of Fo5 and Fs2 occurred with PPM and loss of viability achieved was higher at 35°C than at 30ºC, and longer incubation period (45 days). However, the viability of Fp3 did not decrease greatly in most of the treatments, as compared to the infested and un-amended control, when incubated at 30ºC. After incubation, seedlings of asparagus `Grande´ were transplanted into pots containing substrates infested with the different species of Fusarium. After three months in greenhouse, symptoms severity in roots showed highly significant decreases, but Fp3 caused lower severity than Fo5 and Fs2. Severity reduction was particularly high at 30ºC (by 15 days incubation for Fs2 and by 30-45 days for Fo5), after PPM treatment, as well as PM-2% for Fo5 and Fs2 incubated during 30 and 45 days at both temperatures, and with ORC (15-30 days incubation). Moreover, assessment of plants fresh weight showed significantly high increases in Fo5 and Fs2, with some rates of the three OAs tested, depending on incubation period and temperature.

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Fusarium proliferatum as a Causal Agent in Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-74-0938e ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 74 (11) ◽

pp. 938 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

W. H. Elmer

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Fusarium Proliferatum ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Crown And Root Rot

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Influence of Formononetin and NaCl on Mycorrhizal Colonization and Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.12.1318 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (12) ◽

pp. 1318-1324 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Wade H. Elmer

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Root Rot ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽

Soil Cores ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Left Behind ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

Vam Colonization ◽

Crown And Root Rot ◽

Field Plots

Replanted asparagus fields commonly fail to produce a profitable stand due to alleopathic residues left behind from the previous asparagus crop, elevated densities of pathogenic Fusarium spp., and low densities of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM). Formononetin, a plant isoflavone that stimulates VAM spores to germinate, and sodium chloride (NaCl), a disease-suppressing amendment, were evaluated alone and in combination for their effect on reestablishing asparagus at two locations in abandoned asparagus fields. Greenhouse studies also were conducted with naturally and artificially infested soils. Formononetin was applied as a crown soak or soil drench, and NaCl was applied as a granular treatment. Feeder roots from soil cores sampled from field plots and from greenhouse transplants were assayed for colonization by VAM and for lesions caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum. Formononetin increased the number of VAM vesicles in roots from the field and greenhouse studies and reduced the percent root lesions caused by Fusarium spp. when compared with the nontreated controls. NaCl was more effective than formononetin in reducing the percentage of root lesions in both field and greenhouse experiment when compared with untreated plants but had no effect on VAM colonization. However, there was evidence that NaCl negated the effect of formononentin on VAM colonization. The NaCl treatment increased the May 2001 spear number by 15% and marketable spear weight by 23%. At one site, treatment with formononetin increased mean number of stalks per plant by 29% in 2000 and 14% in 2001. Both formononetin and NaCl improve growth and reduce disease of asparagus in replanted asparagus and may be useful in reestablishing asparagus in abandoned asparagus field.

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In vitro and in vivo Suppression of Fusaruim oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici the Causal Agent of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato by Some Compost Fungi

International Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3923/ijar.2007.1022.1029 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 1022-1029 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amel Kerkeni ◽

Mejda Daami-Rema ◽

Neji Tarchoun ◽

Mohamed Ben Khedher

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Crown And Root Rot

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Use of Fungicides and Biological Controls in the Suppression of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus Under Greenhouse and Growth Chamber Conditions

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.493 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 493-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

T. C. Reid ◽

M. K. Hausbeck ◽

K. Kizilkaya

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Root Rot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Crown And Root Rot ◽

Control Disease ◽

Disease Pressure ◽

Commercial Field

Growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with fungicides and biological control agents, including nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, to test their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies with asparagus seedlings in soil, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22, benomyl, and fludioxonil treatments increased root weight and decreased root disease compared with the infested control when a low level of F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum was used. The fungicide fludioxonil limited plant death caused by Fusarium spp. at high inoculum levels, whereas T. harzianum strain T-22 was not effective. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum were effective in limiting Fusarium disease on asparagus seedlings in culture tubes, although isolates differed in their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies, no significant differences in plant death were found between asparagus plants growing in media infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum and left untreated, and those treated with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum. The efficacy of fungicides and biological control products to control Fusarium crown and root rot under commercial field conditions could not be evaluated due to low disease pressure.

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