Seed transmission and effect of leaf crinkle disease on seed quality in urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under controlled environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek K. Dubey ◽  
R. K. Saritha ◽  
Sajad Un Nabi ◽  
Manoj K. Yadav ◽  
V. K. Baranwal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Controlled Environment

↵​Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Disease- Assessment of Seed Transmissibility and Its Effect on Yield and Seed Quality in Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Priyanga ◽  
T.K.S. Latha ◽  
T. Ramya teja ◽  
G. Karthikeyan ◽  
K. Prabakar
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Seed Transmissibility ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress Factors

Background: Urdbean leaf crinkle disease (ULCD) is one of the most devastating biotic stress factors which is responsible for drastic yield loss in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. The etiology of ULCD is still unknown and there are conflicting reports on its transmission through seed, insect vectors, grafting and infected sap. Methods: Per cent seed transmission of ULCD had been studied during kharif, rabi and summer during the year 2019-2020 under natural and insect proof conditions. The effect on yield and seed quality parameters due to ULCD infection was studied. Urdbean cultivar VBN 8 was used in the present study. Result: The per cent seed transmission of ULCD was recorded ranging from 52.88 to 71.64% under natural conditions. In the insect proof glasshouse condition, the seed transmission was 83.62%. All the yield and seed quality parameters were adversely affected upon ULCD infection. The reduction in yield was recorded as 64.36% over the uninfected healthy plants. In ULCD infected seeds, the germination was reduced (84%) as compared to healthy seeds (92%).

scholarly journals Role of Soybean mosaic virus–Encoded Proteins in Seed and Aphid Transmission in Soybean

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Jossey ◽  
Houston A. Hobbs ◽  
Leslie L. Domier
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Encoded Proteins ◽  
Seed Transmissibility

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is seed and aphid transmitted and can cause significant reductions in yield and seed quality in soybean (Glycine max). The roles in seed and aphid transmission of selected SMV-encoded proteins were investigated by constructing mutants in and chimeric recombinants between SMV 413 (efficiently aphid and seed transmitted) and an isolate of SMV G2 (not aphid or seed transmitted). As previously reported, the DAG amino acid sequence motif near the amino terminus of the coat protein (CP) was the major determinant in differences in aphid transmissibility of the two SMV isolates, and helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) played a secondary role. Seed transmission of SMV was influenced by P1, HC-Pro, and CP. Replacement of the P1 coding region of SMV 413 with that of SMV G2 significantly enhanced seed transmissibility of SMV 413. Substitution in SMV 413 of the two amino acids that varied in the CPs of the two isolates with those from SMV G2, G to D in the DAG motif and Q to P near the carboxyl terminus, significantly reduced seed transmission. The Q-to-P substitution in SMV 413 also abolished virus-induced seed-coat mottling in plant introduction 68671. This is the first report associating P1, CP, and the DAG motif with seed transmission of a potyvirus and suggests that HC-Pro interactions with CP are important for multiple functions in the virus infection cycle.

scholarly journals The effect of a seed coating with Origanum vulgare essential oil on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meral Yılmaz ◽  
Ömür Baysal ◽  
Ragıp Soner Silme
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a seed film coating with Origanum vulgare Linnaeus essential oil (EO) against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) on tomatoes. Tomato seeds (cv. Rio Grande) coated with different doses of EO derived from O. vulgare were inoculated with Cmm (1.8 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL). O. vulgare's EO showed a remarkable inhibition effect on the Cmm growth. The EO effect against Cmm was determined based on the parameters, such as the inhibition zone and bacterial population in a seed. The GC-MS analysis of EO showed that carvacrol is the major component (at 74.05%), which may inhibit the bacterial growth. Later, we have expanded our studies to determine the inhibitory effect of the EO's mode of action on the pathogenic bacteria with a molecular docking analysis based on the molecular protein-ligand interaction. The results showed that carvacrol has a strong interaction with the bacterial expansin protein (PDB 4JJO) of Cmm and the qPCR analyses confirmed the effect of the O. vulgare treatment against Cmm. This original approach has the prominent potential to prevent seed transmission of Cmm for seed quality in the world, suggesting a method for paving the way for Cmm disease management.

scholarly journals Seed Transmission of Cephalosporium gramineum in Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Cephalosporium Gramineum ◽  
Field Plots

Although isolation of Cephalosporium gramineum from wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed has been reported, development of Cephalosporium stripe in plants from infected seed has not been demonstrated experimentally. Winter wheat seed was collected from three experimental field plots where Cephalosporium stripe was present, and C. gramineum was isolated from the seed following surface-disinfection and incubation on a semi-selective medium. C. gramineum was isolated from 0.10 to 0.88% of seed from 11 of 12 cultivars in a field experiment at Pullman, WA, and from 0.10 to 0.30% of seed from 3 of 4 genotypes in a field experiment at Fort Hall, ID; differences among cultivars were not significant in either experiment. C. gramineum was isolated from 0.35 and 0.55% of cv. Stephens plants with no symptoms and severe symptoms, respectively, from a uniform seeding in Pullman. Seed of the four genotypes from Fort Hall and Stephens from Pullman were grown under controlled environment in a soilless potting mix with no added inoculum and in which C. gramineum was not detected. Symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe developed in 0.08 and 0.17% of Stephens and breeding line 87-00314A plants, respectively, from Fort Hall, and from 0.18 and 0.55% of Stephens plants with no symptoms and severe symptoms, respectively. Although development of Cephalosporium stripe in plants grown from seed lots harvested from diseased plants was low, infected seed can provide an important source of inoculum for introducing the pathogen and initiating epidemics in areas where the pathogen did not occur previously.

Effect of integrated seed treatments on growth, seed yield and quality parameters in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sathiya Narayanan ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
V. Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Yield Parameters

Pulses are one of the most important legume crops in India contributing significantly high quality protein. Among the legumes, black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper), is an important legume crop in our country belonging to the family leguminoceae. The low productivity in pulses may be due to the fact that they are normally grown in marginal lands with inadequate soil moisture and poor fertility status. To increase yield under these circumstances, integrated seed treatment is given as a presowing treatment. Hence, a study was attempted to find out the influence of integrated seed treatments on growth and yield parameters in black gram. The seeds of black gram cv VBN 4 were subjected to various seed treatments and treated seeds along with the control were evaluated for their seed quality, growth, gas exchange and yield parameters both in laboratory and field trials. The study revealed that seeds fortified with MgSO4 + polykote + carbendazim + dimethoate + bioinoculant (Pseudomononas fluorescens) + Rhizobium + Azophos + pelleting with DAP recorded higher seed yield and other parameters when compared to control.

Effect of integrated seed treatments on growth, seed yield and quality parameters in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sathiya Narayanan ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
V. Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Yield Parameters

Pulses are one of the most important legume crops in India contributing significantly high quality protein. Among the legumes, black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper), is an important legume crop in our country belonging to the family leguminoceae. The low productivity in pulses may be due to the fact that they are normally grown in marginal lands with inadequate soil moisture and poor fertility status. To increase yield under these circumstances, integrated seed treatment is given as a presowing treatment. Hence, a study was attempted to find out the influence of integrated seed treatments on growth and yield parameters in black gram. The seeds of black gram cv VBN 4 were subjected to various seed treatments and treated seeds along with the control were evaluated for their seed quality, growth, gas exchange and yield parameters both in laboratory and field trials. The study revealed that seeds fortified with MgSO4 + polykote + carbendazim + dimethoate + bioinoculant (Pseudomononas fluorescens) + Rhizobium + Azophos + pelleting with DAP recorded higher seed yield and other parameters when compared to control.

Further studies on Pea seed-borne mosaic virus in cool-season crop legumes: responses to infection and seed quality defects

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Coutts ◽  
R. T. Prince ◽  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Pea Seed

Field and glasshouse experiments (3 of each) were done during 2003–06 to determine the responses of a range of genotypes belonging to 13 species of cool-season crop legumes to infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV). Seed quality defects were determined and genotypes of some species were also tested for seed transmission of the virus. In field experiments, of 39 genotypes of field pea (Pisum sativum) evaluated, 15 were ranked as highly susceptible, 10 susceptible, 9 moderately resistant, and 5 resistant, while all 7 lupin species (Lupinus spp.) tested were resistant. In glasshouse sap and graft inoculations with PSbMV to genotypes not found infected in the field and 2 additional lupin species, no virus was detected in any of the 9 lupin species or in 5 field pea genotypes tested. Thus, the lupins all appeared to be non-hosts and the 5 field pea genotypes had resistance to the 2 PSbMV isolates used to inoculate them. All 14 genotypes of faba bean (Vicia faba) evaluated in the field were ranked highly susceptible, while 12 out of 16 lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes were ranked as highly susceptible and 4 as susceptible. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes were moderately resistant (50) or susceptible (7). Once infected, plant sensitivities (symptom severities) ranged from low in some field pea and most lentil genotypes to high in most faba bean genotypes. Chickpea genotypes all were ranked as moderately sensitive. Seed lots harvested from PSbMV-infected plants of field pea, faba bean, and chickpea all showed severe seed quality defects, but lentil was usually less affected. The predominant seed symptoms were necrotic rings and line markings on the seed coat, malformation, reduced size, and splitting. Kabuli chickpea types also showed darkening of the seed coat. Seed transmission of PSbMV was detected in faba bean (0.2%) and field pea (5–30%). When PSbMV infection foci were introduced into plots of lentil cv. Nugget, the virus spread to the lentil plants and decreased shoot dry weight by 23%, seed yield by 96%, and individual seed weight by 58%. Seed transmission of PSbMV (6%) was detected in seed from the infected lentil plants. In a survey for possible viral seed symptoms, all seed lots of kabuli chickpea (5) and field pea (70), and 10 of 18 of faba bean were affected, but none of the 23 of lentil. When seedlings from 16 faba bean and 7 field pea seed lots were tested for 3 viruses, neither Broad bean stain virus nor Broad bean true mosaic virus was detected, but PSbMV was found in 5 field pea seed lots at incidences of <1–14%. PSbMV was detected in commercial field pea seed stocks of cvv. Kaspa (33) and Parafield (12) at incidences of 0.5–47% and 0.3–30%, respectively. The implications of these findings in terms of genotype susceptiblility and sensitivity to PSbMV infection and their importance for the management of PSbMV in legume crops are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of lignin content of soybean seed coat stored in a controlled environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski ◽  
José de Barros Franca Neto ◽  
Jose Marcos Gontijo Mandarino ◽  
Milton Kaster
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Soybean Seed Coat ◽  
One Year

Breeding soybean for high seed quality is an important approach for developing cultivars for tropical regions, and the lignin content in the seed coat is one of the screening parameters for this trait. Considering that many breeding lines are evaluated in each growing season using the presently recommended method for lignin determination, a long period is required for the evaluation of the whole breeding program. This time limitation may influence lignin content assessment, if lignin is degraded during storage. This research reported was designed to determine whether lignin was degraded in the seed coat of soybean seed cultivars stored for one year in a controlled environment (10°C temperature and 50% air relative humidity). Seeds of 12 selected soybean cultivars that had a range in seed coat lignin content were evaluated. Seeds were hand harvested just after physiological maturity and evaluated for seed coat lignin content at harvest and after one year of storage in a cold room (10°C and 50% RH). The lignin content in seed coats differed significantly among cultivars in both analyses, but for both results the sequence of cultivar classification and the lignin content values of each cultivar did not change. A regression analysis of lignin content at harvest and after one year of storage indicated a direct relationship between both lignin determinations suggesting no differences between the lignin content of each cultivar due to prolonged storage (r² = 0.98***). This indicates that the lignin determination in the soybean seed coat can be performed over a long time period without any bias due to change in its content.

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