scholarly journals Morphology and mineralogy of ambient particulate matter over mid-Brahmaputra Valley: application of SEM–EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Bora ◽  
Pratibha Deka ◽  
Pranamika Bhuyan ◽  
Kali Prasad Sarma ◽  
Raza Rafiqul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Local Contribution ◽  
Probable Nature

AbstractAmbient particulate matter (PM), collected during a dust event over mid-Brahmaputra Valley of India, was characterized. The PM samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The SEM micrographs revealed varied shapes of the PM, viz. spherical, irregular, angular, cluster, flaky, rod-like, crystalline and agglomerate structures indicating the probable nature of their sources and formation as biogenic, geogenic, or anthropogenic. Some biogenic particles like plant materials, pollens, and diatoms were captured under SEM. The presence of diatom in PM samples was indicative of wind-blown dust from the dried bed of the Brahmaputra River. The honeycomb-like structures of brochosomes secreted by the leafhoppers of the Cicadellidae family were also captured. On the contrary, the background sample had mostly carbonaceous particles. The XRD and FTIR analyses indicated the presence of quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, augite, and calcium aluminum silicate, cerussite, calcite, montmorllonite, and organic carbon. The airmass backward trajectory analysis explained the local contribution of the dust.

Geochemistry and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Jiaozuo City

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2867-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Yu Song ◽  
Cun Bei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Action

A total of 28 atmospheric particulate matter samples were collected at Henan Polytechnic University in the southeast of Jiaozuo city during October to December 2010. The daily concentrations of PM10 vary from 190.76 to 670.14 μg/m3, with the average concentration of 359.36 μg/m3. The concentrations of Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb in PM10 are determined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). The result shows that the fifteen elements quality accounts for 17.3%~36.7% of total mass. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that six minerals are identified in the atmospheric particles. They are quartz, gypsum, kaolinite, sal-ammoniac, calcite, and albite, which account for 29%, 29%, 18%, 17%, 4% and 3%, respectively. The principle component analysis (PCA) model is used for source apportionment of PM10. The research results show that there are four sources: architecture/smelting action, coal combustion/traffic action, soil dust and particular industrial action.

Resonant Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction determines markers for iron-rich atmospheric particulate matter in urban region

Chemosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 418-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elson Silva Galvão ◽  
Jane Meri Santos ◽  
Ana Teresa Lima ◽  
Neyval Costa Reis ◽  
Richard Michael Stuetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
X Ray

The Occurrence of Special Components in Blast Furnace Slag of Baotou Iron and Steel Company

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Guo Ping Luo ◽  
Yan Ban ◽  
Yi Ci Wang ◽  
Wen Wu Yu ◽  
Qi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Furnace Slag

The mineral composition of the solidified blast furnace slag and the occurrence of special components CaF2, K2O, Na2O, RexOy and ThO2 were researched by optical microscope analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that the major minerals in solidified furnace slag are akermanite and gehlenite; the special component CaF2 is not hosted in the cuspidine (3CaO•2SiO2•CaF2), but in the magnesium and aluminum silicate mineral; the special components K2O，Na2O is hosted in akermanite, magnesium and aluminum silicate mineral and perovskite; the element thorium cannot form an independent mineral, but coexist with the rare earth element Ce in the perovskite. The results will lay a foundation for further study on the influence of these special components on the crystallization behavior of glass-ceramics.

Synthesis and Processing of the Sol-Gel Derived β-Quartz Lithium Aluminum Silicates

1986 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Covino ◽  
F. G. A. De Laat ◽  
R. A. Welsbie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis And Processing

ABSTRACTLithium Aluminum Silicate (LAS) glass-ceramic compositions with and without phosphorous have been synthesized by Sol-Gel techniques. Resulting LAStype powders are herein designated as NZ and NZP. X-Ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size measurements, and thermal dilatometric shrinkage measurements have been performed on these samples. The NZ and NZP powders in calcined form, as well as commercially-available LAS glass-ceramic produce x-ray diffraction pattern very similar to the pattern of Virgilite LixAlxSi3−xO6 (x=0.5–1.0). There is little difference between powders with and without phosphorous in the diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). Preliminary results show that the material can be easily processed into glass ceramics.

X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERNS FROM PLANT MATERIALS

Science ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 62 (1615) ◽  
pp. 547-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Sponsler
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

scholarly journals Composition and oxidation state of sulfur in atmospheric particulate matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 13389-13398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia F. Longo ◽  
David J. Vine ◽  
Laura E. King ◽  
Michelle Oakes ◽  
Rodney J. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ambient Aerosol

Abstract. The chemical and physical speciation of atmospheric sulfur was investigated in ambient aerosol samples using a combination of sulfur near-edge x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (S-NEXFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. These techniques were used to determine the composition and oxidation state of sulfur in common primary emission sources and ambient particulate matter collected from the greater Atlanta area. Ambient particulate matter samples contained two oxidation states: S0 and S+VI. Ninety-five percent of the individual aerosol particles (> 1 µm) analyzed contain S0. Linear combination fitting revealed that S+VI in ambient aerosol was dominated by ammonium sulfate as well as metal sulfates. The finding of metal sulfates provides further evidence for acidic reactions that solubilize metals, such as iron, during atmospheric transport. Emission sources, including biomass burning, coal fly ash, gasoline, diesel, volcanic ash, and aerosolized Atlanta soil, and the commercially available bacterium Bacillus subtilis, contained only S+VI. A commercially available Azotobacter vinelandii sample contained approximately equal proportions of S0 and S+VI. S0 in individual aerosol particles most likely originates from primary emission sources, such as aerosolized bacteria or incomplete combustion.

Performance of Cement-Basedseal Systemcomponents Inawaste Disposal Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Malone ◽  
Lillian D. Wakeley ◽  
J.Pete Burkes ◽  
Andearl W. Mcdaniel
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
System Component ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volume Stability

AbstractA grout based on portland cement, Class F fly ash, and bentonite clay was developed as part of the closure system of shallow subsurface structures for disposal of low-activity radioactive wastes. Heat output, volume change, and compressive strength of the sealing grout were monitored with time, at elevated temperature, and in physical models, to determine if this closure grout could maintain adequate volume stability and other required physical properties in the internal environment of the disposal structure.To determine if contact with an alkaline liquid waste would cause chemical deterioration of the sealing grout, cured specimens were immersed in a liquid waste simulant containing high concentrations of sodium and aluminum salts. Over a period of 21 days at 60 °C, specimens increased in mass without significant changes in volume. X-ray diffraction of reacted specimens revealed crystallization of sodium aluminum silicate hydrate.The new phase has an X-ray diffraction pattern similar to that of the commercial syntheticzeolite, Losod. Scanning electron microscopy used with X-ray fluorescence showed that clusters of this phase had formed in grout pores, to increase grout density and decrease its effective porosity. The testing was repeated at 100 °C for 5 days using a simulant containing sodium hydroxide and aluminum nitrate and the results were similar. Physical and chemical tests collectively indicate acceptable performance of this grout as a seal-system component.

scholarly journals High-pressure optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies on synthetic cobalt aluminum silicate garnet

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1616-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Taran ◽  
F. Nestola ◽  
H. Ohashi ◽  
M. Koch-Muller ◽  
T. Balic-Zunic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Optical Spectroscopy ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicate Garnet

Carbon in diesel participate matter: Structure, microwave absorption, and oxidation

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Suresh Babu ◽  
L. Farinash ◽  
M.S. Seehra
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Diesel Particulate Matter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
X Ray

The structural, microwave absorption, and oxidation characteristics of diesel particulate matter (DPM) collected from a CAT 3304 diesel engine are reported. The x-ray diffraction of DPM yields the characteristic peaks of pregraphitic carbons (cokes and pitches), and its modeling yields d(002) ≍ 3.429 Å and a crystallite size of about 20 Å. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant ∊ = ∊′ + i∊″ are measured at 8.7 GHz using the cavity perturbation technique. The measured values for the DPM are ∊′ = 8.6 ± 1.7 and ∊″ = 7.4 ± 1.5, compared to ∊′ ≍ 1.0 and ∊″ ≍ 6 × 10−5 for the ceramic trap material used for collecting DPM. The oxidation products of the DPM, analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, are found to contain CO2 and CO with a peak yield occurring around 500 °C. Since microwave power absorption is proportional to ∊″, these results show that selective microwave heating of the DPM in the ceramic traps should be a very efficient process with CO2 and CO as the main oxidation products.

scholarly journals C Dots Derived from Waste of Biomass and Their Photocatalytic Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryadi Haryadi ◽  
Muhammad Ridwhan Wira Purnama ◽  
Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Part Family ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) which are part family of carbon nanoparticles have drawn a lot of attention due to their prominent characters and wide prospective applications. The materials are non-toxic and exhibit fluorescence properties that are potential for application in photocatalysis, optoelectronic, bioimaging and sensors. Various approaches of CNDs synthesis have been investigated by means of a large variety of starting materials and techniques. A green and an effective approach in gaining CNDs from wastes biomass-carbonaceous particles of a dried solid waste of cow manure have been employed by hydrothermal treatment. The CNDs were then attained after carbonaceous particles dissolution step under microwave irradiation. The temperature range of hydrothermal treatment was in between 250 to 300 °C. The formation of C=C, C-O bonds, and conjugated structures has been observed by FTIR and photoluminescence properties have been identified under 366 nm of UV irradiation. Furthermore, the morphology of as-synthesized CNDs was investigated by HR-TEM and crystallinity was observed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dye solution of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of carbon dots has been investigated under visible light.

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