Activist's table tennis activity as a programming object

The article considers the issue of improving the system of sports training of players in table tennis on the basis of the principle of programmed learning, which is implemented in the form of a comprehensive method of training process. Programmed training in sports training of table tennis players at the preparatory stage is optimized using a system of tools and methods built in the form of a structural-logical scheme is an important area of research. Methodological ways of building a system of sports training of table tennis players on the basis of the method of programmed learning are revealed, which made it possible to determine the principles of building target tasks, which are a certain block of physical exercises structured with a single goal setting. It was necessary to summarize the experience of modern methods of organization for the construction of programmed training in sports training of table tennis players by implementing the principles of complexity and coherence of training activities. At the present stage of development of game sports fundamental knowledge of the content of game, systems of preparation, various, flexible and highly automated skills and perfect activity of functional systems of an organism is especially necessary. Difficulties that turn out to be unpredictable by a program of tactical actions are usually related to informative influences. This is due to the probable nature of the game activity, which, first of all, concerns the information aspect. Despite a certain number of standard game actions, which were mentioned above, the actions of athletes who play sports are based on the response to changes in the situation, the conditions of wrestling. With such a variety of forms of manifestations of the player's actions are constantly associated with the solution of situational motor problems that require the use of programming mechanisms.

Morphology and mineralogy of ambient particulate matter over mid-Brahmaputra Valley: application of SEM–EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques

Ambient particulate matter (PM), collected during a dust event over mid-Brahmaputra Valley of India, was characterized. The PM samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The SEM micrographs revealed varied shapes of the PM, viz. spherical, irregular, angular, cluster, flaky, rod-like, crystalline and agglomerate structures indicating the probable nature of their sources and formation as biogenic, geogenic, or anthropogenic. Some biogenic particles like plant materials, pollens, and diatoms were captured under SEM. The presence of diatom in PM samples was indicative of wind-blown dust from the dried bed of the Brahmaputra River. The honeycomb-like structures of brochosomes secreted by the leafhoppers of the Cicadellidae family were also captured. On the contrary, the background sample had mostly carbonaceous particles. The XRD and FTIR analyses indicated the presence of quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, augite, and calcium aluminum silicate, cerussite, calcite, montmorllonite, and organic carbon. The airmass backward trajectory analysis explained the local contribution of the dust.

A Rationale for Using Sonoelastography in Thyroid Nodular Pathology

Objective. To provide a rationale for using sonoelastography (SEG) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer (TC).Material and methods. Thirty patients with thyroid nodules of various morphological structures were examined. The authors studied the data of SEG and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with monoclonal antibodies against types III and IV collagen (they evaluated the degree of the expressed collagen fibers). Analysis of variance, ROC analysis, and logistic regression were used (by comparing with the expression of collagens) to assess the predictive ability of ultrasound.Results. The study showed that irregular and uneven contours, microcalcifications, and “the height greater than the width” were most significant among the ultrasound signs in the diagnosis of TC. Cool colors prevailed when performing SEG in the pattern of thyroid cancer. Purple-blue hues were predominantly recorded (p<0.05 with regard to benign nodules), green ones were less frequently. ROC analysis of compression elastography showed that the area under the curve was 0.785 (95% CI 0.740-0.826), sensitivity 78.1%, specificity 79.0%. Comparison of the data of IHC and SEG revealed a direct correlation of tissue elasticity with the degree of a stromal component and with the presence of collagen-containing structures.Conclusion. SEG may suppose the probable nature of thyroid nodules on the basis of their morphological features. The low degree of the stromal component and the low content of types III and IV collagen make follicular colloid goiter and adenoma soft, which is recorded at SEG. TC is characterized by a high collagen level attributable to the characteristics of the metabolism of cancer cells, which makes them solid in the mode of SEG.

The Role of the Velopharyngeal Sphincter in the Speech of Patients with Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip and Palate Using Perceptual Methods

BACKGROUND: The velopharyngeal sphincter (VPS) plays the main role in speech formation. The cleft palate, due to the damage of the soft palate, leads to dysfunction of the velopharyngeal sphincter thus causing speech disorder.AIM: To establish a link between the nasal air escape and the perceptual symptoms in the speech of patients with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate using auditory-visual perceptual procedures for determining the influence the velopharyngeal dysfunction has on speech.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients with speech disorders, out of which 10 have cleft palate or cleft lip and palate (experimental group), participated in the perceptual assessment by means of Czermak mirror fogging test for assessing the nasal air escape and Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale (PWSS) for assessing the probable nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter.RESULTS: The respondents with a considerable nasal air escape have a higher velopharyngeal inability, that is, probably incompetent nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter. There is a strong correlation between the nasal air escape and the probable nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter (the coefficient of linear correlation r = 0.9756). The calculated р-value is р = 0.000002.CONCLUSION: The perceptual speech symptoms and the nasal air escape provide unique insight into the state and role the velopharyngeal sphincter has in speech.

OnThe Essence Of Shareholder’s Right

The shareholder’s right has been regarded as a special right, which is substantially different from creditor’s right, in China. However, with the development of business reality, the boundaries between these two rights have been blurred already. Although the structure of shareholder’s right has a probable nature, compared to a more stable structure of credit, there are lots of overlaps between these two structures. Thus, an additional standard, whether investor is registered as shareholder, is required to completely distinguish these two rights.

Metaphoric Confinement of Information

The aim of the paper is to determine how metaphors tackle the probable nature of information and uncertainty in the structure of the communication process. Since the cognitive theory of conceptual metaphors holds that metaphoric thinking and doing are unavoidable, they are employed often in explaining the communicating domains. The metaphorical conceptualizing is recognized in Shannon and Weaver’s Mathematical Theory of Communication where such abstract concepts as freedom of choice, choosing probabilities (possibilities), and uncertainty ware conceived in that way. It is described in accord with Reddy’s conduit metaphor and Ritchie’s toolmakers paradigm. In the paper the issue of both the advantages and disadvantages of metaphors is considered: mainly, how they can explain and predict ways in which people communicate their expectations or uncertainties as well as, more practically, how the probable/informational metaphors enable the management of knowledge in libraries or databases.