Assessment of genetic diversity and development of core germplasm in durum wheat using agronomic and grain quality traits

In Mediterranean environments the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) would allow growers to achieve environmental, agronomic and economic sustainability. We investigated the effect of different combination of crop establishment treatments and crop sequence (conventional tillage (CT) and durum wheat monocropping (WW); conventional tillage (CT) and durum wheat following faba beans (WF); zero tillage (ZT) and durum wheat monocropping (WW); zero tillage (ZF) and durum wheat following faba beans (WF) on yield, grain quality traits as well as on disease incidence and severity in durum wheat (var. Saragolla). The results of two years of data of a long-term experiment (seven-year experiment; split-plot design) are discussed. The CA approach (ZT + WF), which always induced the highest grain yields (6.1 t ha−1 and 3.3 t ha−1 in 2016 and 2017) thanks to an increased number of spikes m−2 (296 vs. 269 and 303 vs. 287 spikes m−2 in 2016 and 2017, respectively) as well as a more pronounced ear length, demonstrated significantly positive influences in terms of grain quality. It promoted grain protein accumulation (12.1% for ZT + WF vs. 11.4% for ZT + WW and 12.4% for ZT + WF vs. 10.6% for ZT + WW in 2016 and 2017) and improved the gluten quality (in terms of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation test) and colour of the grain. The abundance of crop residues determined a higher incidence and severity of Zymoseptoria tritici leaf symptoms under the CA system; nevertheless, the late appearance of infection was the main reason for not affecting yield and quality traits. The presence of faba beans (WF) in the rotation significantly reduced leaf symptoms in Z. tritici.

Download Full-text

The use of a non-invasive electrical method to assess the chemical composition, hardness, and color of durum wheat grain cultivated in an integrated system.

10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00087 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna K. Banach ◽

Katarzyna Majewska ◽

Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca ◽

Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Integrated System ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Electrical Parameters ◽

Electrical Method ◽

Non Invasive

Abstract The aim of this research was: (1) to assess the effect of an integrated cultivation system of native durum wheat (6 variants), differentiated by a nitrogen fertilization dose (0, 80, 120 kg.ha-1) and growth regulator use (Medax 350 SC, with growth regulator - GR, without growth regulator - WGR) on changes in selected quality parameters (protein, lipid, and starch contents; hardness; color) and electrical parameters (conductive - Z and capacitive - Cp, Cs) of the grain; and (2) to determine the correlations between the examined quality traits and electrical properties of the grain to indicate the possibility of using a non-invasive electrical method to assess grain quality. The grain of durum wheat cultivated in the six variants tested differed mainly in the starch and lipid contents, which indicates the feasibility of tailored optimization of grain production. The highest contents of starch and total lipids, and the highest grain hardness were obtained in the cultivation variants GR+0N and WGR+0N, whereas the highest protein content - upon wheat fertilization with 120N. The study demonstrated a different strength of the correlations between the tested parameters depending on the cultivation method (WGR-GR; N: 0, 80, 120 kg.ha-1). In the WGR+0N variant (environmentally friendly), the strongest correlation between grain quality traits and electrical properties was obtained for both the conductive (Z) and capacitive (Cp, Cs) parameters in the entire analyzed range of current frequencies. The GR application during cultivation hampers the possibility of using electrical parameters to assess grain quality. In turn, the quality of the grain produced WGR can be effectively assessed using the Z, Cp, and Cs parameters in the entire measuring frequency range (1 kHz-1MHz), while in the variant with GR, only impedance (Z), measured at high frequencies (100 kHz, 1MHz) can be used.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity associated with nutritive and grain quality traits using microsatellite markers in traditional land races and improved cultivars in rice(Oryza sativaL.)

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology ◽

10.5958/2230-732x.2016.00065.6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 493

Author(s):

P. Savitha ◽

R. Usha Kumari

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Land Races ◽

Improved Cultivars

Download Full-text

Variability among Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes grown under different climatic conditions of Tigray for some agronomic and grain-quality traits

Journal of Crop Improvement ◽

10.1080/15427528.2020.1806979 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Lijalem Gebrewahid ◽

Dejene K. Mengistu ◽

Yemane Tsehaye ◽

Addis Aberha ◽

Dereje A. Aberra

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes

Download Full-text

Preliminary characterization for grain quality traits and high and low molecular weight glutenins subunits composition of durum wheat landraces from Iran and Mexico

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2019.05.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nayelli Hernández-Espinosa ◽

Thomas Payne ◽

Julio Huerta-Espino ◽

Fausto Cervantes ◽

Héctor Gonzalez-Santoyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Preliminary Characterization ◽

Wheat Landraces ◽

Durum Wheat Landraces

Download Full-text

Analysis of Per Se and Genetic Diversity of Maize Synthetic Populations for Grain Quality: Implications for Breeding

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:5025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Voichita HAS ◽

Alin GULEA ◽

Ioan HAS ◽

Ana COPANDEAN

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Research Station ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Maize Germplasm ◽

Synthetic Populations ◽

Per Se

The objective of this research was to determine whether phenotypic and genetic diversity could be identified for maize grain quality traits (percentage of starch, protein, oil, fiber and ash) and agronomic traits. 59 maize synthetic populations which differed in earliness and for geographic origins were evaluated in the field at the Agricultural Research Station Turda - Romania, for their per se value. Each synthetic population was tested only one year and was characterized for their ear characteristics and grain quality attributes. The grain oil and ash content showed high variability among genotypes. The experiment was conducted over 2 years (2006-2007) and 2 locations (Turda and Targu-Mures). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits studied. General combining ability (GCA) effects were more important for grain content than specific combining ability (SCA). The occurrence of low interactions between synthetic populations and testers for all characters suggested the occurrence of high statistical additive effects expressed whatever the system of population evaluation. These results support breeding effort towards the genetic improvement of grain quality traits in “Turda” maize germplasm.

Download Full-text