scholarly journals The use of a non-invasive electrical method to assess the chemical composition, hardness, and color of durum wheat grain cultivated in an integrated system.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Banach ◽  
Katarzyna Majewska ◽  
Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca ◽  
Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract The aim of this research was: (1) to assess the effect of an integrated cultivation system of native durum wheat (6 variants), differentiated by a nitrogen fertilization dose (0, 80, 120 kg.ha-1) and growth regulator use (Medax 350 SC, with growth regulator - GR, without growth regulator - WGR) on changes in selected quality parameters (protein, lipid, and starch contents; hardness; color) and electrical parameters (conductive - Z and capacitive - Cp, Cs) of the grain; and (2) to determine the correlations between the examined quality traits and electrical properties of the grain to indicate the possibility of using a non-invasive electrical method to assess grain quality. The grain of durum wheat cultivated in the six variants tested differed mainly in the starch and lipid contents, which indicates the feasibility of tailored optimization of grain production. The highest contents of starch and total lipids, and the highest grain hardness were obtained in the cultivation variants GR+0N and WGR+0N, whereas the highest protein content - upon wheat fertilization with 120N. The study demonstrated a different strength of the correlations between the tested parameters depending on the cultivation method (WGR-GR; N: 0, 80, 120 kg.ha-1). In the WGR+0N variant (environmentally friendly), the strongest correlation between grain quality traits and electrical properties was obtained for both the conductive (Z) and capacitive (Cp, Cs) parameters in the entire analyzed range of current frequencies. The GR application during cultivation hampers the possibility of using electrical parameters to assess grain quality. In turn, the quality of the grain produced WGR can be effectively assessed using the Z, Cp, and Cs parameters in the entire measuring frequency range (1 kHz-1MHz), while in the variant with GR, only impedance (Z), measured at high frequencies (100 kHz, 1MHz) can be used.

scholarly journals Effect of Weather on Grain Quality Traits of Durum Wheat Grown in the Northern Plains of USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1911
Author(s):  
Sara Moayedi ◽  
Elias M. Elias ◽  
Frank A. Manthey
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Northern Plains

scholarly journals Breeding durum wheat of an alternative growing cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Mudrova ◽  
◽  
A.S. Yanovsky ◽  
L.A. Bespalova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Durum Wheat Variety ◽  
Variety Testing

The aim of the research was to create durum wheat variety of an alternative growing cycle with genetically determined increased plasticity and adaptability. Created variety “Cordon” is characterized by high immunity to leaf diseases; it is affected by spike fusarium weaker than the standard one. In terms of yield, the studied variety was close to the highly productive varieties of winter soft wheat ‘Tanya’ and ‘Yuka’. In competitive variety testing in 2016 and 2017, its advantage in productivity compared to varieties of spring durum wheat was noted; high grain quality parameters were saved, too. The frost resistance was also not inferior to the standard variety ‘Krupinka’.

scholarly journals Grain Quality and Multivariate Analysis of Various Quality Parameters in Rice Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasturi Majumder ◽  
Disharee Nath ◽  
Rambilash Mallick ◽  
Tapash Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Thirty-six rice genotypes were evaluated for thirteen different quality parameters along with yield/plant to assess genetic estimates of the traits and the extent of genetic diversity among the varieties. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine GCV, PCV, heritability and GA of the genotypes with respect to all characters. Significant variation was observed in many traits among the genotypes offering scope for selection. Correlation analysis determined the nature of relationship among these characters. UPGMA studies revealed six major clusters and cluster I and II were the largest with maximum number of genotypes. The study identified that the varieties namely, Black Gora, Kalinga-2, Dudheswar, ARC 10086, IR-36, IR-64 and Nipponbare possessed good quality traits and high yield performance. The current study indicated that developing rice varieties for consumer acceptance with good grain quality traits along with high yield will be very useful in rice breeding and in selection of parents for hybridization to combine both high yield and improved quality traits.

scholarly journals Durum Wheat Quality, Yield and Sanitary Status under Conservation Agriculture

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Calzarano ◽  
Fabio Stagnari ◽  
Sara D’Egidio ◽  
Giancarlo Pagnani ◽  
Angelica Galieni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

In Mediterranean environments the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) would allow growers to achieve environmental, agronomic and economic sustainability. We investigated the effect of different combination of crop establishment treatments and crop sequence (conventional tillage (CT) and durum wheat monocropping (WW); conventional tillage (CT) and durum wheat following faba beans (WF); zero tillage (ZT) and durum wheat monocropping (WW); zero tillage (ZF) and durum wheat following faba beans (WF) on yield, grain quality traits as well as on disease incidence and severity in durum wheat (var. Saragolla). The results of two years of data of a long-term experiment (seven-year experiment; split-plot design) are discussed. The CA approach (ZT + WF), which always induced the highest grain yields (6.1 t ha−1 and 3.3 t ha−1 in 2016 and 2017) thanks to an increased number of spikes m−2 (296 vs. 269 and 303 vs. 287 spikes m−2 in 2016 and 2017, respectively) as well as a more pronounced ear length, demonstrated significantly positive influences in terms of grain quality. It promoted grain protein accumulation (12.1% for ZT + WF vs. 11.4% for ZT + WW and 12.4% for ZT + WF vs. 10.6% for ZT + WW in 2016 and 2017) and improved the gluten quality (in terms of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation test) and colour of the grain. The abundance of crop residues determined a higher incidence and severity of Zymoseptoria tritici leaf symptoms under the CA system; nevertheless, the late appearance of infection was the main reason for not affecting yield and quality traits. The presence of faba beans (WF) in the rotation significantly reduced leaf symptoms in Z. tritici.

scholarly journals Grain quality traits important in feed barley

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Māra Bleidere ◽  
Zinta Gaile
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Northern Areas

Grain quality traits important in feed barley Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) traditionally has been a major cereal crop for animal feed especially in Northern areas and also in Latvia. It is complicated to define what the ideal feed barley should be, as the requirements widely differ not only for different species, but even for different age groups of the same species of animals. Therefore, the breeding of feed barley has been developing very slowly and building on the basis of agronomic and beer barley quality parameters. Targeted breeding of barley varieties for a definite application purpose of the grain is connected with selection according to different criteria. The present article shows that the feed quality of barley is influenced both by physical grain quality indicators (colour, grain weight and size, hull content, 1000 grain weight, volume weight and grain hardness) and by the chemical composition (carbohydrates, non-starch polysaccharides, amino acids, fibre, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins). On the basis of the information collected, a profile of a high quality feed barley variety for different groups of animals is defined.

Durum wheat quality traits affected by mycorrhizal inoculation, water availability and atmospheric CO2 concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Goicoechea ◽  
M. M. Bettoni ◽  
T. Fuertes-Mendizábal ◽  
C. González-Murua ◽  
I. Aranjuelo
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Predicted reduced precipitation, enhanced evaporative demand and increasing CO2 in the atmosphere will strongly influence wheat production. The association of wheat with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves growth under stressful conditions. Our objective was to test the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on yield, and accumulation of macro- and micro-nutrients and gliadins in grains of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) plants grown under different CO2 concentrations and water regimes. The main factors of the experimental design were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated or non-inoculated plants); atmospheric CO2 concentration (ambient, ACO2, or elevated, ECO2); and water regime (optimal or restricted water regime). At ACO2, the simultaneous application of AMF and water deficit decreased the number of seeds per spike without affecting the biomass of grains, and grains accumulated higher contents of copper, iron, manganese, zinc and gliadins. The opposite effect was observed with ECO2 where, regardless of mycorrhizal and water treatment factors, a general depletion of contents of micro- and macro-nutrients and gliadins was detected. Whereas mycorrhizal inoculation together with drought applied to plants cultivated at ACO2 improved wheat grain quality parameters, under ECO2, mycorrhization did not ameliorate grain quality parameters detected in plants that produced the largest grain dry matter values.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivation system on quality changes in durum wheat grain and flour produced in North-Eastern Europe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0236617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Katarzyna Banach ◽  
Katarzyna Majewska ◽  
Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Flour Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
North Eastern

Grain of the highest hardness was produced from durum wheat grown without the use of growth regulator, at the lowest sowing density (350 seeds m-2) and nitrogen fertilization dose of 80 kg ha-1. The highest values L* and b* were determined in the grain of wheat cultivated without additional agrotechnical measures (growth regulator and nitrogen fertilization). Study results, supported by correlation analysis, indicated that high-quality grain with desired flour quality parameters (level of: FER ≈ 64%; FPS ≈ 98%; L* ≈ 92) can be produced from spring durum wheat grown without the growth regulator and at 80 kg·ha-1 nitrogen fertilization. Additionally, this variant of applied cultivation system can reduce costs of durum wheat production and contamination of the natural environment.

Variability among Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes grown under different climatic conditions of Tigray for some agronomic and grain-quality traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lijalem Gebrewahid ◽  
Dejene K. Mengistu ◽  
Yemane Tsehaye ◽  
Addis Aberha ◽  
Dereje A. Aberra
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Nitrogen Availability on the Expression of End-Use Quality Parameters of Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
Jessica Torrion ◽  
Olga Walsh ◽  
Katherine O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
End Use ◽  
Mild Drought

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality is determined by multiple physical and chemical attributes. However, previous studies mainly focused on protein quantity and composition, which may not be adequate for understanding grain quality, especially end-use quality. Field experiments were conducted at two locations for two years to better understand how and to what extent water and nitrogen (N) availability affect flour end-use quality. Four drought stress levels (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, and well-watered) and four N rates (i.e., zero, low, medium, and high) were applied to two spring wheat cultivars (i.e., Dayn and Egan). Evaluated end-use quality traits, including milling quality, mixograph parameters, flour protein and gluten contents, solvent retention capacity (SRC), and baking quality. Most end-use quality parameters were not significantly different between the well-watered treatment and mild drought stress in both cultivars. Nitrogen availability above the low rate (168 kg N ha−1) failed to further improve most end-use quality traits in either cultivar. Among all the end-use quality traits, lactic acid SRC may be a reliable indicator of flour end-use quality. These results indicate that mild drought stress (i.e., a 25% reduction in irrigation throughout the growing season) may not negatively affect end-use quality and excessive N fertilization offers minimal improvement in end-use quality. Such information could facilitate the development of irrigation and fertilization guidelines targeting at grain quality.

Preliminary characterization for grain quality traits and high and low molecular weight glutenins subunits composition of durum wheat landraces from Iran and Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayelli Hernández-Espinosa ◽  
Thomas Payne ◽  
Julio Huerta-Espino ◽  
Fausto Cervantes ◽  
Héctor Gonzalez-Santoyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Durum Wheat Landraces
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