scholarly journals The Influence of Ski Type on Muscle Activity, Performance, and Self-Efficacy in Young Alpine Ski Racers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi B. Nunnikhoven ◽  
Cory Snyder ◽  
Ronald W. Kipp ◽  
Michael J. Decker ◽  
John G. Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Ski Racers

scholarly journals A Strength-Based Intervention to Increase Participation in Leisure Activities in Children with Neuropsychiatric Disabilities: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anna Ullenhag ◽  
Mats Granlund ◽  
Lena Almqvist ◽  
Lena Krumlinde-Sundholm
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Performance Ability

The aim is to evaluate the feasibility of an intervention model with a client-centered goal-directed approach with the aim to enhance the child’s participation in leisure activities, self-efficacy, and activity performance. A pilot intervention using a client-centered goal-directed approach and a single-subject design was performed. Two Swedish boys with neuropsychiatric diagnosis aged 12 and 14 years old were included, and 3 leisure activity goals were identified. The intervention was carried out over 8 weeks and took place in the adolescent’s everyday environment and at the pediatric rehabilitation center. The goal attainment of participation goals (GAS), the perceived performance ability according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the self-efficacy, and the participants’ satisfaction were used to study the effect. The participants succeeded in attaining their leisure goals as specified by the GAS by achieving +2 on one goal and +1 on the other two goals. They estimated higher performance ability and self-efficacy in their goal performance. Participants, parents, and therapists were overall satisfied and found the intervention to be applicable and helpful in optimizing leisure participation. The intervention model with a client-centered goal-directed approach in which participants define their own leisure activity goals appears to be effective in increasing participation in leisure activities.

The Effect of 5 Mechanical Gaming Keyboard Key Switch Profiles on Typing and Gaming Muscle Activity, Performance and Preferences

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1552-1556
Author(s):  
Charles Miller ◽  
Alan Barr ◽  
Raziel Riemer ◽  
Carisa Harris
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Study Task ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Linear Force ◽  
Force Displacement

Introduction:Single force-displacement characteristics of mechanical key switches have been shown to affect performance, fatigue and discomfort during keyboard use. This study compared the effects of mechanical key switches with differing force-displacement characteristics on forearm muscle activity, typing performance, Fitts Study task performance, subjective fatigue and user preference. Methods: Using a within subjects intervention study of crossover design, 64 subjects completed modified Fitts and typing tasks on five different mechanical key switches to mimic dual word processing and gaming keyboard use. Bilateral muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography (EMG); typing and Fitts task performance measures were tracked. Results: The key switch with a linear force displacement curve had higher net strokes and lower net typing speed than two key switches with tactile feedback (p<0.05). The key switch with the longest tactile travel, operating travel and highest bottom force required slightly higher peak muscle activity compared to 2 other key switches with lower values (p<0.05). Key switches with shorter tactile and operating travel and lower bottom forces were preferred over other key switches.Conclusions: Among mechanical key switches, a linear force displacement curve had the worst outcomes; key switches with shorter tactile (1.2mm) and operating travel (2.0mm) and a lower bottom force (35-40g) had best outcomes overall.

Beliefs, Benefits and Barriers Associated with Physical Activity: Impact of These Factors on Physical Activity in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
pp. 105477382096769
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Ju Hsu ◽  
Ding-Tien Chung ◽  
Li-Yun Lee ◽  
I-Pei Lin ◽  
Shu-Ching Chen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activity Performance

This study aimed to assess patients’ levels of belief, benefits and barriers toward physical activity, and to identify factors associated with physical activity performance in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was carried out using cross-sectional correlation design. Subjects from the endocrinology and metabolism outpatient departments of a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan were recruited by consecutive sampling. A total of 149 patients with type II DM were recruited. More physical activity was associated with stronger physical activity beliefs, including recovery self-efficacy, action and coping planning, and maintenance self-efficacy, which explained 40.9% of variance in physical activity performance. Patient-centered physical activity programs (resistance exercise, daily walking, or Tai Chi exercise) can reduce patients’ barriers toward performing physical activity.

Repeatability of phasic muscle activity: Performance of surface and intramuscular wire electrodes in gait analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Kadaba ◽  
M. E. Wootten ◽  
J. Gainey ◽  
G. V. B. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Activity Performance

scholarly journals Strength deficits of the hamstrings following surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament: a case-control ­study of elite alpine ski racers

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Ski Racers

Background: Research to date clearly shows that injuries to the cruciate ligaments are a frequent occurrence in alpine ski racing. The hamstrings play an important role in protecting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Here eccentric muscle activity, in particular, is of great significance as it plays a more important role in terms of duration and intensity than concentric muscle activity in alpine ski racing. The aim of this study was to establish whether the hamstrings of alpine ski racers show eccentric strength deficits following surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament. Methods: A case-control study was performed with athletes who had undergone surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament 49 ± 41 months previously and healthy ski racers. The total eccentric strength of both legs measured in the hamstrings supporting the ACL (n=18) was compared with the healthy group (n=70); the strength of the operated leg was also compared with the healthy leg and with the mean for the healthy group. Eccentric strength was measured during the Nordic hamstrings exercise performed on the NordBord hamstring testing system. Group comparisons were performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-hoc analyses. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relevant independent variables explaining total eccentric strength and Limb Symmetry Index. Results: The relative total eccentric strength of both legs in the hamstrings of the ACL group was significantly lower than in the healthy group (p=0.031). In addition, the relative eccentric strength of the operated leg was significantly lower compared to the healthy group (p=0.024). Leg asymmetry was also significantly greater in athletes who had undergone surgery on one leg (p=0.016) than in healthy subjects and athletes who had undergone surgery on both legs. 56% of the total eccentric strength of both legs could be explained by surgery, age and gender. 18% of the leg asymmetry was explained by the variables surgery, total eccentric strength of both legs and height. Conclusion: Several years after anterior cruciate ligament surgery, ski racers still have deficits in terms of the eccentric strength of their hamstrings compared with healthy ski racers. Therefore more attention should be paid during rehabilitation to the eccentric strength of the hamstrings with a view to strengthening and testing them. Measurement using the NordBord system is suitable for routine monitoring of eccentric strength. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the influence of hamstrings strength on cruciate ligament injuries.

Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1281
Author(s):  
Leah Fostick ◽  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Shelly Zokraut ◽  
Miriam Billig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aging Adults

Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial–temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60–83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.

Effects of Using Mixed Reality With Coaching on the Interprofessional Communication Skills of Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Towson ◽  
Matthew S. Taylor ◽  
Diana L. Abarca ◽  
Claire Donehower Paul ◽  
Faith Ezekiel-Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Interprofessional Communication ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The Individual

Purpose Communication between allied health professionals, teachers, and family members is a critical skill when addressing and providing for the individual needs of patients. Graduate students in speech-language pathology programs often have limited opportunities to practice these skills prior to or during externship placements. The purpose of this study was to research a mixed reality simulator as a viable option for speech-language pathology graduate students to practice interprofessional communication (IPC) skills delivering diagnostic information to different stakeholders compared to traditional role-play scenarios. Method Eighty graduate students ( N = 80) completing their third semester in one speech-language pathology program were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: mixed-reality simulation with and without coaching or role play with and without coaching. Data were collected on students' self-efficacy, IPC skills pre- and postintervention, and perceptions of the intervention. Results The students in the two coaching groups scored significantly higher than the students in the noncoaching groups on observed IPC skills. There were no significant differences in students' self-efficacy. Students' responses on social validity measures showed both interventions, including coaching, were acceptable and feasible. Conclusions Findings indicated that coaching paired with either mixed-reality simulation or role play are viable methods to target improvement of IPC skills for graduate students in speech-language pathology. These findings are particularly relevant given the recent approval for students to obtain clinical hours in simulated environments.

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