scholarly journals SES differences in marital fertility widened during the fertility transition—evidence from global micro-level population data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
Francesco Scalone
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractThe decline in human fertility during the demographic transition is one of the most profound changes to human living conditions. To gain a better understanding of this transition we investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and marital fertility in different fertility regimes in a global and historical perspective. We use data for a large number women in 91 different countries for the period 1703–2018 (N = 116,612,473). In the pre-transitional fertility regime the highest SES group had somewhat lower marital fertility than other groups both in terms of children ever born (CEB) and number of surviving children under 5 (CWR). Over the course of the fertility transition, as measured by the different fertility regimes, these rather small initial SES differentials in marital fertility widened, both for CEB and CWR. There was no indication of a convergence in marital fertility by SES in the later stages of the transition. Our results imply a universally negative association between SES and marital fertility and that the fertility differentials widened during the fertility transition.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Transmission of Reproductive Behavior during the Demographic Transition

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Jennings ◽  
Allison R. Sullivan ◽  
J. David Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Population Database ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Intergenerational Ties ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
New Evidence

New evidence from the Utah Population Database (updp) reveals that at the onset of the fertility transition, reproductive behavior was transmitted across generations—between women and their mothers, as well as between women and their husbands' family of origin. Age at marriage, age at last birth, and the number of children ever born are positively correlated in the data, most strongly among first-born daughters and among cohorts born later in the fertility transition. Intergenerational ties, including the presence of mothers and mothers-in-law, influenced the hazard of progressing to a next birth. The findings suggest that the practice of parity-dependent marital fertility control and inter-birth spacing behavior derived, in part, from the previous generation and that the potential for mothers and mothers-in-law to help in the rearing of children encouraged higher marital fertility.

Fertility and Occupation: Mining Districts in Prewar Japan

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-315
Author(s):  
Carl Mosk
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Constrained Choice ◽  
Mining Districts

Many theories of demographic transition stem from attempts to explain fertility differentials across economic and social groups. These differentials typically emerge once a decline in natality commences. Thus it is commonly observed that the fertility of urban populations falls short of that recorded for agricultural districts, that the upper classes tend to precede the working classes in the adaptation of family limitation, and the like. These observations are, in turn, used to justify economic and sociological theories which, by associating both social status and economic costs and benefits with occupation and residence, account for the fertility decline in terms of status and constrained choice.

Fertility and Child-Rearing

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-222
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Religious Importance ◽  
Economic Understanding ◽  
Economic Assets

This chapter outlines the economic determinants of human fertility, and explores the demographic transition, and studies of child productivity. It offers an assessment of the costs of and returns from child production in Kala over the first 15 years of life, in terms of their costs and the contributions which they make to the family’s prosperity. Several aspects of child production are investigated, such as the opportunity cost of women’s time, children’s marriage and dowry costs, and the value of children’s labour. Risks to child-production include an understanding of survival rates for infants and children, sickness, and child-failure rates – as when a young man goes off on migration and does not return. The chapter concludes with a recognition of the limits to an economic understanding of high fertility, for example as shown by the political and religious importance of children, since children are not just economic assets but constitute “descendants”.

COMPLETED FERTILITY DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: AN EXAMPLE FROM SIX SETTLEMENTS IN NORTHERN GREECE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos N. Zafeiris ◽  
Stamatina Kaklamani
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Children Ever Born

SummaryThis study aimed to delineate temporal trends and differentials of completed fertility and their relationship with some characteristics of the marriage system in specific anthropological populations of northern Greece. The analysis was based on the life history of quinquennial and decennial birth cohorts of married women born in the 20th century who reproduced solely within the settlements studied. The variables studied were: children ever born, mean age of mother at first marriage, mean age of mother at first child (live birth), mean age of mother at last child and reproductive span. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the demographic characteristics of marriage and that there was an ongoing fertility transition in the 20th century in the populations studied. The mechanism of fertility decline was connected with the gradual reduction of the mean age of the mother at last child, the parallel decrease in the mean age at childbearing and a shortening of the reproductive span. Fertility levels at all times maintained a dynamic character imposed by local cultural, economic and social structures, which, in turn, were part of broader national and international structures, in all the populations studied. A strong trend of convergence of fertility levels was observed among the populations studied.

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