Evidence of an Emerging Collision Between the Fertility Transition and Genotype-Dependent Fertility Differentials

2003 ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
James MacMurray ◽  
Amanda Madrid ◽  
Egidio Bottini ◽  
Donn Muhleman ◽  
David Comings
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Fertility Differentials

scholarly journals Methodological analysis of period fertility in Saudi Arabia 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Mahgoub
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Exact Measurement ◽  
Analyze Period ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Expatriate Women ◽  
Contraceptive Practice

Abstract Exact measurement and evaluation of indicators of period fertility in a multiracial society could help explaining disparities. This paper represents a methodological and analytical attempt to systematically analyze period fertility and discuss differentials in its level and pattern between domestic and expatriate women in Saudi Arabia as far as available data allow. The data used are obtained from official Sources published by General Authority for Statistics in the Household Health Survey 2018. Estimated period fertility indicators, started from the simplest rates to the more elegant ones with adequate illustration of the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The purpose was to establish fertility differentials and historical pattern. The paper has consistently shown that the fertility of expatriates in Saudi Arabia is lower than the fertility of the Saudi domestic women, but the reason for the disparity was not established as contraceptive practice has not confirmed sufficient influence. It was also revealed that the fertility transition that had been taking place since early eighties will continue but it will have precautions in the future.

Hindu–Muslim Fertility Differentials in India: Indirect Estimation at the District Level from Census 2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saswata Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
State Level ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Fertility Schedule ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Fertility Differentials

This article estimates the total fertility rate (TFR) for the overall population in major Indian states by employing Arriaga variation of the P/F ratio method and the relational Gompertz model. The article uses the 2011 Census data on average parity and the current fertility schedule. Estimation of TFRs at the state level by employing Arriaga variation of the P/F ratio method strongly corresponds with Sample Registration System (SRS) compared to those derived from the relational Gompertz model. Thus, Arriaga variation of the P/F ratio method was retained to estimate the Hindu–Muslim fertility differentials for 618 districts in India from all states except Jammu and Kashmir. Comparing the TFRs obtained from the analyses with indirect estimates of TFRs from the 2001 Census, the analysis reveals that the overall fertility transition in India has been steady during the last decade. Fertility transition has been underway for both Hindus and Muslims, at a varying pace, when compared to the state-level indirect estimates of the 2001 Census. Though the overall convergence of fertility between Hindus and Muslims has been underway, significant regional variations persist.

Factors affecting fertility in four Muslim populations: a multivariate analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
World Fertility Survey ◽  
Child Loss ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
The People ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Fertility Differentials

SummaryData collected as part of the World Fertility Survey programme in the mid-1970s in four Muslim populations (Bangladesh, Java (Indonesia), Jordan and Pakistan) show that the demographic variables age at first marriage, duration of marriage, status of first marriage and experience of child loss explain most of the variations in fertility among these populations. There was no consistent pattern which could explain fertility differentials by selected socioeconomic variables. Fertility differentials by wife–husband education and childhood–current residence were found not to be in the expected direction in most of the populations. Fertility transition has not yet started among the majority of the people in these populations.

scholarly journals SES differences in marital fertility widened during the fertility transition—evidence from global micro-level population data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
Francesco Scalone
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractThe decline in human fertility during the demographic transition is one of the most profound changes to human living conditions. To gain a better understanding of this transition we investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and marital fertility in different fertility regimes in a global and historical perspective. We use data for a large number women in 91 different countries for the period 1703–2018 (N = 116,612,473). In the pre-transitional fertility regime the highest SES group had somewhat lower marital fertility than other groups both in terms of children ever born (CEB) and number of surviving children under 5 (CWR). Over the course of the fertility transition, as measured by the different fertility regimes, these rather small initial SES differentials in marital fertility widened, both for CEB and CWR. There was no indication of a convergence in marital fertility by SES in the later stages of the transition. Our results imply a universally negative association between SES and marital fertility and that the fertility differentials widened during the fertility transition.

A New Look at the Asian Fertility Transition (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4I) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Population Replacement ◽  
Planning Meeting ◽  
Annual Birth Rate

The significance of the Asian fertility transition can hardly be overestimated. The relatively sanguine view of population growth expressed at the 1994 International Conference for Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo was possible only because of the demographic events in Asia over the last 30 years. In 1965 Asian women were still bearing about six children. Even at current rates, today’s young women will give birth to half as many. This measure, namely the average number of live births over a reproductive lifetime, is called the total fertility rate. It has to be above 2— considerably above if mortality is still high—to achieve long-term population replacement. By 1995 East Asia, taken as a whole, exhibited a total fertility rate of 1.9. Elsewhere, Singapore was below long-term replacement, Thailand had just achieved it, and Sri Lanka was only a little above. The role of Asia in the global fertility transition is shown by estimates I made a few years ago for a World Bank Planning Meeting covering the first quarter of a century of the Asian transition [Caldwell (1993), p. 300]. Between 1965 and 1988 the world’s annual birth rate fell by 22 percent. In 1988 there would have been 40 million more births if there had been no decline from 1965 fertility levels. Of that total decline in the world’s births, almost 80 percent had been contributed by Asia, compared with only 10 percent by Latin America, nothing by Africa, and, unexpectedly, 10 percent by the high-income countries of the West. Indeed, 60 percent of the decline was produced by two countries, China and India, even though they constitute only 38 percent of the world’s population. They accounted, between them, for over threequarters of Asia’s fall in births.

Fertility and Occupation: Mining Districts in Prewar Japan

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-315
Author(s):  
Carl Mosk
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Constrained Choice ◽  
Mining Districts

Many theories of demographic transition stem from attempts to explain fertility differentials across economic and social groups. These differentials typically emerge once a decline in natality commences. Thus it is commonly observed that the fertility of urban populations falls short of that recorded for agricultural districts, that the upper classes tend to precede the working classes in the adaptation of family limitation, and the like. These observations are, in turn, used to justify economic and sociological theories which, by associating both social status and economic costs and benefits with occupation and residence, account for the fertility decline in terms of status and constrained choice.

scholarly journals PERIOD AND COHORT DYNAMICS IN FERTILITY NORMS AT THE ONSET OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION IN KENYA 1978–1998

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. WHITE ◽  
C. HALL ◽  
B. WOLFF
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Ideal Family Size ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
Rapid Fall

Summary.A characteristic of African pre-transitional fertility regimes is large ideal family size. This has been used to support claims of cultural entrenchment of high fertility. Yet in Kenya fertility rates have fallen. In this paper this fall is explored in relation to trends in fertility norms and attitudes using four sequential cross-sectional surveys spanning the fertility transition in Kenya (1978, 1984, 1989 and 1998). The most rapid fall in the reported ideal family size occurred between 1984 and 1989, whilst the most rapid fall in the total fertility rate occurred 5 to 10 years later, between 1989 and 1998. Thus these data, spanning the fertility transition in Kenya, support the traditional demographic model that demand for fertility limitation drives fertility decline. These data also suggest that the decline in fertility norms over time was partly a period effect, as the reported ideal family size was seen to fall simultaneously in all age cohorts, and partly a cohort effect, as older age cohorts reporting higher ideal family sizes were replaced by younger cohorts reporting lower ideal family sizes. These data also suggest that a new fertility norm of four children may have developed by 1989 and continued until 1998. This is consistent with, and perhaps could have been used to predict, the stall in the Kenyan fertility decline after 1998.

Hindu‐Muslim fertility differentials in India

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Malika B Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Differentials
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