scholarly journals Intergenerational Transmission of Reproductive Behavior during the Demographic Transition

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Jennings ◽  
Allison R. Sullivan ◽  
J. David Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Population Database ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Intergenerational Ties ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
New Evidence

New evidence from the Utah Population Database (updp) reveals that at the onset of the fertility transition, reproductive behavior was transmitted across generations—between women and their mothers, as well as between women and their husbands' family of origin. Age at marriage, age at last birth, and the number of children ever born are positively correlated in the data, most strongly among first-born daughters and among cohorts born later in the fertility transition. Intergenerational ties, including the presence of mothers and mothers-in-law, influenced the hazard of progressing to a next birth. The findings suggest that the practice of parity-dependent marital fertility control and inter-birth spacing behavior derived, in part, from the previous generation and that the potential for mothers and mothers-in-law to help in the rearing of children encouraged higher marital fertility.

scholarly journals The Effects of Marital Status, Fertility, and Bereavement on Adult Mortality in Polygamous and Monogamous Households: Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Demography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 2169-2198
Author(s):  
Kieron J. Barclay ◽  
Robyn Donrovich Thorén ◽  
Heidi A. Hanson ◽  
Ken R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Population Database ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Dose Response Effect

AbstractAlthough the associations among marital status, fertility, bereavement, and adult mortality have been widely studied, much less is known about these associations in polygamous households, which remain prevalent across much of the world. We use data from the Utah Population Database on 110,890 women and 106,979 men born up to 1900, with mortality follow-up into the twentieth century. We examine how the number of wife deaths affects male mortality in polygamous marriages, how sister wife deaths affect female mortality in polygamous marriages relative to the death of a husband, and how marriage order affects the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. We also examine how the number of children ever born and child deaths affect the mortality of men and women as well as variation across monogamous and polygamous unions. Our analyses of women show that the death of a husband and the death of a sister wife have similar effects on mortality. Marriage order does not play a role in the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. For men, the death of one wife in a polygamous marriage increases mortality to a lesser extent than it does for men in monogamous marriages. For polygamous men, losing additional wives has a dose-response effect. Both child deaths and lower fertility are associated with higher mortality. We consistently find that the presence of other kin in the household—whether a second wife, a sister wife, or children—mitigates the negative effects of bereavement.

scholarly journals SES differences in marital fertility widened during the fertility transition—evidence from global micro-level population data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
Francesco Scalone
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractThe decline in human fertility during the demographic transition is one of the most profound changes to human living conditions. To gain a better understanding of this transition we investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and marital fertility in different fertility regimes in a global and historical perspective. We use data for a large number women in 91 different countries for the period 1703–2018 (N = 116,612,473). In the pre-transitional fertility regime the highest SES group had somewhat lower marital fertility than other groups both in terms of children ever born (CEB) and number of surviving children under 5 (CWR). Over the course of the fertility transition, as measured by the different fertility regimes, these rather small initial SES differentials in marital fertility widened, both for CEB and CWR. There was no indication of a convergence in marital fertility by SES in the later stages of the transition. Our results imply a universally negative association between SES and marital fertility and that the fertility differentials widened during the fertility transition.

The Whaling Industry and Fertility Decline: Nantucket, Massachusetts 1660-1850

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Logue
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Central Interest ◽  
Whaling Industry ◽  
Maritime Community

The central interest of this article is to describe the interrelationship of fertility patterns with occupational structure for a sample of married couples in one maritime community—Nantucket, Massachusetts—over a period of nearly 200 years. Marital fertility declined substantially in Nantucket from its first white settlement in 1660 to 1850. During this time the whaling industry was undergoing intervals of expansion, prosperity, virtual destruction, and renewal, eventually failing to recover from a long decline that began in the 1840s. An explanation of the observed Falls in fertility is not possible without reference to trends in the whaling industry, as this article attempts to demonstrate.A sustained decline in American fertility rates from at least 1800 and perhaps earlier has been documented (Coale and Zelnik, 1963; Easterlin, 1971, 1976a, 1976b; Forster and Tucker, 1972; Vinovskis, 1976; Yasuba, 1962). Causes of the decline may include the changing availability of farmland, urbanization and industrialization, literacy, and such demographic factors as a decline in mortality, changes in the sex ratio at marriageable ages, and ethnic composition. A number of researchers have even suggested that Falls in family size were at least partly due to deliberate attempts by individual couples not to exceed their desired number of children (Kantrow, 1980; Osterud and Fulton, 1976; Temkin-Greener and Swedlund, 1978; Wells, 1971). For Nantucket in particular, Byers (1982) also presented evidence for a substantial fertility decline from 1680 to 1840, claiming that his findings “demonstrate community-wide acceptance of voluntary fertility control.” The present study, in contrast, found no evidence of deliberate fertility control in Nantucket.

Fertility and Modernity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Spolaore ◽  
Romain Wacziarg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Barriers To Learning ◽  
New Information ◽  
French Speaking

Abstract We investigate the determinants of the fertility decline in Europe from 1830 to 1970 using a newly constructed dataset of linguistic distances between European regions. The decline resulted from the gradual diffusion of new fertility behavior from French-speaking regions to the rest of Europe. Societies with higher education, lower infant mortality, higher urbanization, and higher population density had lower levels of fertility during the 19th and early 20th century. However, the fertility decline took place earlier in communities that were culturally closer to the French, while the fertility transition spread only later to societies that were more distant from the frontier. This is consistent with a process of social influence, whereby societies that were culturally closer to the French faced lower barriers to learning new information and adopting novel attitudes regarding fertility control.

scholarly journals Estimation of Cohort Fertility Using Parity Progression Ratio

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Dhanendra Veer Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Parity Progression Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Using Data

This study attempts to analyze the levels and patterns of cohort fertility in Nepal in 2016 using data on parity progression ratios (PPRs). Simple PPRs, rather than synthetic PPRs or birth history of women, are used in this study from distribution of women by age and children ever born. Data on PPRs are used from 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey to estimate cohort fertility of currently married and all women separately. Fertility is analyzed for different birth cohorts of women, specifically for birth cohorts of age groups 45-49, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years, beside overall span of reproductive ages (15-49) for different purposes. The PPRs data are employed in this study in three different ways such as PPRs itself, proportion of women with at least ‘N’ number of children ever born (CEB), and cohort fertility rates. All three measures are implied to estimate cohort fertility of both currently married and all women separately. Fertility patterns are almost similar in all the three methods and other the measures show that the level of cohort fertility is still a little higher in Nepal, although it is declining gradually over time. The completed cohort fertility is estimated at around 4 in Nepal in 2016. The contribution of this article will be to check fertility level by applying this simple, but less common, method in estimating cohort fertility.

scholarly journals Policy Direction on Driving Population for Reducing Poverty in the West Sumatra Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Tegus Widodo ◽  
Iswandi Umar ◽  
Ramadhani . ◽  
Suhatman .
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Policy Direction

Reducing poverty is always to become the target of every country and regional leader in each campaign. The efforts are made in many ways, but the programs in the form of providing basic needs assistance, productive economic efforts, and so on. Unfortunately, interventions are to address visible symptoms but not to solve the root of the problems or causes. That is because the cause of poverty is not so excavated so that until now the percentage of the poor always fluctuates. This research tries to see in terms of the number of children (TFR) that may have contributed to the percentage of poor people in West Sumatra. The research method uses linear regression analysis using secondary data from Susenas 2019. To determine policy direction using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. The ISM analysis involved 15 relevant stakeholders from interested institutions. The results showed that TFR contributed 34.4 percent to poverty in the research area. As a direction of population control policy to reduce poverty, that is the expansion of access to contraceptives and delay of marriage age.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mathieson ◽  
Felix R. Day ◽  
Nicola Barban ◽  
Felix C. Tropf ◽  
David M. Brazel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Reproductive Ageing ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Using Data

AbstractIdentifying genetic determinants of reproductive success may highlight mechanisms underlying fertility and also identify alleles under present-day selection. Using data in 785,604 individuals of European ancestry, we identify 43 genomic loci associated with either number of children ever born (NEB) or childlessness. These loci span diverse aspects of reproductive biology across the life course, including puberty timing, age at first birth, sex hormone regulation and age at menopause. Missense alleles in ARHGAP27 were associated with increased NEB but reduced reproductive lifespan, suggesting a trade-off between reproductive ageing and intensity. As NEB is one component of evolutionary fitness, our identified associations indicate loci under present-day natural selection. Accordingly, we find that NEB-increasing alleles have increased in frequency over the past two generations. Furthermore, integration with data from ancient selection scans identifies a unique example of an allele—FADS1/2 gene locus—that has been under selection for thousands of years and remains under selection today. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that diverse biological mechanisms contribute to reproductive success, implicating both neuro-endocrine and behavioural influences.

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