Baroreflex function during 45-degree passive head-up tilt before and after long-term thiazide therapy in the elderly with systolic systemic hypertension

Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of death and mortality worldwide. The sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor and the regular practice of physical activity can reduce the recurrence of stroke and its symptoms. Objective: To characterize the level of physical activity of post-stroke patients before and after the event. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study. The population of the study consisted of patients diagnosed with stroke, in the chronic phase under treatment or that have already been discharged from the Physiotherapy School Clinic of FACISA in Santa Cruz-RN. The individuals were evaluated by the Modified Baecker Questionnaire for the Elderly (QBMI) that classifies the level of physical activity in: sedentary (-9), active (9 to 16), and athletes (+16). The normality of the variables was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Wilcoxon’s test was used for comparative analysis of QBMI before and after stroke. Results: Nineteen patients participated (8 male and 11 female) with a mean age of 63 years, of these, 11 had systemic hypertension. Before, 3 were classified as sedentary (score mean: 5.34), 5 active (score mean: 12.254) and 1 athlete ( score mean: 27.04). After the stroke, 18 were classified as sedentary (score mean: 1.46) (p=0.001). Conclusion: There was a reduction in the participants’ level of physical activity, showing greater sedentariness after stroke, although physical activity is essential for secondary prevention of stroke.

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Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.7.4.374 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 374-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Richard A. Boileau ◽

Edward McAuley ◽

Demetra Demetriou ◽

Naveen K. Devabhaktuni ◽

Gregory L. Dykstra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Program ◽

The Elderly ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After

A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.

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Health Insurance Systems as Models for Managing the Increasing Elderly Populations of Japan and Korea

Intelligent Technologies for Bridging the Grey Digital Divide ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-825-8.ch018 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 282-294

Author(s):

Seungwon Jeong ◽

Yusuke Inoue

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Social Services ◽

Long Term Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Term Care ◽

Medical Facilities ◽

Before And After ◽

Long Term Care Insurance ◽

The Republic

This chapter looks into the systems and institutions for the elderly population covered by long-term care insurance in Japan and the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea). It shall discuss the historical changes in policies in these two nations. The Health Care and Welfare Complex elements that make up a single business model for the Health Care and Social Services of the aged in Japan and Korea will also be discussed in this paper. The management environment for medical facilities greatly changed with adjustments in the population structure and the social environment, and this resulted in serious competition between medical facilities for patients. Medical facilities in Japan and Korea showed a rapid increase in comprehensive medical and welfare management. Consequently, there were provisions in both health care and social services through affiliation, chain affiliation and multiplication, before and after the enforcement of long-term care insurance.

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Does long-term experimental antiorthostasis lead to cardiovascular deconditioning in the rat?

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931264 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

G Raffai ◽

C Csekő ◽

L Kocsis ◽

L Dézsi ◽

E Monos

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Cardiovascular Deconditioning ◽

Before And After ◽

Head Up Tilt ◽

Spontaneous Baroreflex

Microgravity or simulated microgravity induces acute and chronic cardiovascular responses, whose mechanism is pivotal for understanding of physiological adaptation and pathophysiological consequences. We investigated hemodynamic responses of conscious Wistar rats to 45º head-down tilt (HDT) for 7 days. Arterial blood pressure (BP) was recorded by telemetry. Heart rate (HR), spectral properties and the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) were calculated. Head-up tilt (HUT) was applied for 2 h before and after HDT to assess the degree of any possible cardiovascular deconditioning. Horizontal control BP and HR were 112.5±2.8 mmHg and 344.7±10 bpm, respectively. HDT elicited an elevation in BP and HR by 8.3 % and 8.8 %, respectively, in less than 1 h. These elevations in BP and HR were maintained for 2 and 3 days, respectively, and then normalized. Heart rate variability was unchanged, while sBRS was permanently reduced from the beginning of HDT (1.01±0.08 vs. 0.74±0.05 ms/mmHg). HUT tests before and after HDT resulted in BP elevations (6.9 vs. 11.6 %) and sBRS reduction (0.44 vs. 0.37 ms/mmHg), respectively. The pressor response during the post-HDT HUT test was accompanied by tachycardia (13.7 %). In conclusion, chronic HDT does not lead to symptoms of cardiovascular deconditioning. However the depressed sBRS and tachycardic response seen during the post-HDT HUT test may indicate disturbances in cardiovascular control.

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Does COVID-2019 have an Impact on the Purchase Intention of Commercial Long-Term Care Insurance among the Elderly in China?

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8020126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 126 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiaocang Xu ◽

Lu Zhang ◽

Linhong Chen ◽

Feng Wei

Keyword(s):

Purchase Intention ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Public Awareness ◽

The Elderly ◽

Insurance Company ◽

Life Insurance Company ◽

Term Care ◽

Before And After ◽

Long Term Care Insurance

Purpose: As an important measure to alleviate long-term care (LTC) costs for the disabled due to the aging of the population, long-term care insurance (LTCI) system has been paid more attention in China. In addition to the government-led public LTCI system that has been piloted in cities such as Qingdao, Chongqing and Shanghai, health insurers such as the China Life Insurance Company are also experimenting with various types of commercial LTCI in the private market. However, the commercial LTCI market is developing very slowly due to public awareness and other reasons. On the other hand, COVID-2019 has had an impact on the cognition of the importance of long-term care for the elderly due to the fact that the death cases of COVID-2019 have been mainly concentrated in the elderly population with chronic diseases such as hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the differences in the purchase intention of commercial LTCI among the elderly in two different periods: before and after the outbreak of COVID-2019. Methods: By using the Andersen behavioral model and two investigations in two different periods before and after the outbreak of COVID-2019, this study explores the impacts of COVID-2019 on the purchase intention of commercial LTCI. Results: Some significant discoveries were found. For example, 25.8% of interviewees showed purchase intention in LTCI in the time before the COVID-2019 outbreak, while this proportion increased to 37.6% after the COVID-2019 outbreak. People who were younger (OR = 2.128, before COVID-2019; OR = 1.875, after COVID-2019) or who had more education (OR = 1.502, before COVID-2019; OR = 2.218, after COVID-2019) were more interested in commercial LTCI. Conclusion: This study shows that COVID-2019 has had an obvious impact on the purchase intention of commercial LTCI, which provides some enlightenment for China to improve the LTCI system in the future, especially to accelerate the development of commercial LTCI. For example, it is essential to promote the importance of long-term care among the elderly in a focused and targeted way. In terms of the key target audience, it can be developed gradually from the groups with higher education levels and the middle elderly aged 45–64 years old.

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Development of a Training Software to Improve Speech- in-Noise Perception in the Elderly with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Auditory and Vestibular Research ◽

10.18502/avr.v31i1.8133 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Parisa Rasouli Fard ◽

Farnoush Jarollahi ◽

Seyyed Jalal Sameni ◽

Mohammad Kamali

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

The Elderly ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽

Noisy Environment ◽

Speech In Noise ◽

Before And After

Background and Aim: The incidence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is increasing rapidly worldwide. It has been shown that the long-term exposure to noise leads to permanent hearing loss. There is currently no treatment for NIHL and it is mainly managed by preventive measures. This study aimed to develop a training software to improve speech-in-noise (SIN) perception in the elderly suffering from mild-to-moderate NIHL due to temporal fine structure (TFS) damage. Methods: This is a non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 8 older men aged 60-75 years (Mean age = 68 ± 4.5 years) with mild-to-moderate NIHL at high frequencies (43.75±6.0 dBHL) with at least for five years of work in noisy environment. They received rehabilitation using a researcher-developed training software targeted TFS for five weeks. To assess the efficiency of the training software, the signal-to-noise ratio for 50% correct scores (SNR-50%) was calculated using the word-in-noise test before and after the trial. Results: The SNR-50% improved significantly in all participants from 13±2.63 dB to 6.10±2.85 dB (p<0.001). In the multiple linear regression model, the rehabilitation by the training software predicted 68% of improvement in SNR-50% (coefficient of determination=0.676). Conclusion: Rehabilitation by the training software developed based on TFS can improve SIN. perception in the elderly with NIHL.

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