Physiology and clinical implications of variability of cardiovascular parameters with focus on heart rate and blood pressure

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. C3-C9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Malliani ◽  
Massimo Pagani ◽  
Federico Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters

scholarly journals Cardiovascular response and backward, upward, right push maneuver during laryngoscopy: comparison between CMAC® video laryngoscopy and conventional Macintosh

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-21
Author(s):  
Arif H.M. Marsaban ◽  
Aldy Heriwardito ◽  
I G.N.A.D. Yundha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nociceptive Stimulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Frequent Response

Background: Increased blood pressure and heart rate are the most frequent response to laryngoscopy which sometimes causes serious complications. Laryngoscopy technique and tools modification lessen the nociceptive stimulation, thus preventing hemodynamic response. BURP maneuver is used to lower Cormack-Lehane level, but it can cause additional pain stimulation during laryngoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular response and the need of BURP maneuver during laryngoscopy between CMAC® and conventional Macintosh.Methods: A randomized, single blinded, control trial was performed to 139 subjects who underwent general anesthesia with endotracheal tube. Subjects were randomised into a control group (conventional Macintosh) and an intervention group (CMAC®). The cardiovascular parameters (systolic, dyastolic, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate) were measured prior to induction (T1). Midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and Fentanyl 2 micrograms/kg were given 2 minutes before the induction. Moreover, they were given propofol 1 mg/kg followed by propofol infusion of 10 mg/kg/hour and Atracurium 0.8–1 mg/kg. After TOF-0 cardiovascular parameters (T2) were remeasured, it was proceeded to laryngoscopy. When Cormack-Lehane 1–2 was reached (with or without BURP maneuver), cardiovascular parameters were measured again (T3).Results: Unpaired T-test showed that cardiovascular response during laryngoscopy were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The need of BURP maneuver was significantly lower in the CMAC® group compared to the Convensional Macintosh group (13.9% vs 40.3%; p<0.05).Conclusion: Cardiovascular response and BURP maneuver during laryngoscopy with CMAC® were significantly lower compared to conventional Macintosh.

Role of the descending pressor pathway in the conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. H152-H156
Author(s):  
G. S. Geis ◽  
G. Barratt ◽  
R. D. Wurster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Conscious Animals

Resting cardiovascular parameters and the responses to bilateral carotid occlusions (BCO) were monitored in pentobarbital-anesthetized and conscious dogs before and after placing lesions in the dorsolateral funiculi at C7-C8 and after spinal transections at C7. Pre- and postlesion blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to exercise were also monitored. The lesions significantly attenuated the responses to BCO and decreased resting BP in anesthetized dogs. Yet neither resting HR in anesthetized or conscious dogs nor the resting BP in conscious dogs was affected by the lesions. Subsequent spinal transections significantly decreased resting HR and BP and the responses to BCO but did not affect the BP response to BCO in anesthetized dogs as compared with corresponding postlesion parameters. BP responses to exercise were significantly attenuated by the lesions, but HR responses were not affected. Since stimulation and BP studies indicated that the descending pressor pathway had been ablated, the data suggest that the pathway mediates BP and HR responses to BCO in pentobarbital-anesthetized and conscious dogs. It does not maintain resting HR in anesthetized or conscious animals, and the resting BP in conscious dogs. This pathway is important for BP responses to exercise but is not necessary for HR responses. Finally, other spinal pathways are involved in cardiovascular control.

scholarly journals Oral clonidine versus intravenous fentanyl in attenuation of hemodynamic responses to larngoscopy and endotracheal intubation: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Rukmini G. ◽  
Srinivas M. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Oral Clonidine ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fentanyl Group

Background: During endotracheal intubation, it has been observed that there is evolvement of the responses of the circulatory in nature. These are difficult to control using the IV anesthetic drugs. Hence various agents are tried to overcome this drawback. Objective of research work was to study efficacy of oral clonidine on hemodynamic responses compared to IV fentanyl while patients undergo larngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Methods: The patients were allocated into two groups of 30 each. i.e. 30 patients in clonidine group and 30 patients in fentanyl group. All the patients received were pre-medicated with glycoprrolate 0.2mg, ondansetron 4mg and tramadol 1mg/kg body weight. Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure,) were recorded at the following intervals: pre-induction, after induction, at endotracheal intubation, one minute, three minutes and five minutes after intubation.Results: The heart rate was significantly more at various intervals in patients who belonged to fentanyl group and it was significantly lesser in clonidine group. The systolic blood pressure was significantly more at various intervals in patients who belonged to fentanyl group and it was significantly lesser in clonidine group. The diastolic blood pressure was significantly more at various intervals in patients who belonged to fentanyl group and it was significantly lesser in clonidine group. Similar was the case with mean arterial blood pressure.Conclusions: Clonidine has been found to be more effective than IV fentanyl in stabilizing the cardiovascular parameters. Not only that orally it is easier to administer and cost effective.

Effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular parameters in rats and mice: a comparative approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R391-R396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Swoap ◽  
J. Michael Overton ◽  
Graham Garber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rats And Mice

Ambient air temperatures (Ta) of <6°C or >29°C have been shown to induce large changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate in homeotherms. The present study was designed to investigate whether small incremental changes in Ta, such as those found in typical laboratory settings, would have an impact on blood pressure and other cardiovascular parameters in mice and rats. We predicted that small decreases in Ta would impact the cardiovascular parameters of mice more than rats due to the increased thermogenic demands resulting from a greater surface area-to-volume ratio in mice relative to rats. Cardiovascular parameters were measured with radiotelemetry in mice and rats that were housed in temperature-controlled environments. The animals were exposed to different Ta every 72 h, beginning at 30°C and incrementally decreasing by 4°C at each time interval to 18°C and then incrementally increasing back up to 30°C. As Ta decreased, mean blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse pressure increased significantly for both mice (1.6 mmHg/°C, 14.4 beats·min−1·°C−1, and 0.8 mmHg/°C, respectively) and rats (1.2 mmHg/°C, 8.1 beats·min−1·°C−1, and 0.8 mmHg/°C, respectively). Thus small changes in Ta significantly impact the cardiovascular parameters of both rats and mice, with mice demonstrating a greater sensitivity to these Ta changes.

scholarly journals The effects of physical training on cardiovascular parameters, lipid disorders and endothelial function

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 956-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Rankovic ◽  
Natasa Djindjic ◽  
Gorana Rankovic-Nedin ◽  
Sasa Markovic ◽  
Dragan Nejic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation

Bacground/Aim. Regular physical activity is widely accepted as factor that reduces all-cause mortality and improves a number of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular parameters, lipid profile and endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. The study included seventy patients with stable CAD. All the patients were divided into two groups: the group I - 33 patients with CAD and with regular aerobic physical training during cardiovascular rehabilitation program phase II for 3 weeks in our rehabilitation center and 3 weeks after that in their home setting, and the group II (control) - 37 patients with CAD and sedentary lifestyle. Exercise training consisted of continual aerobic exercise for 45 minutes on a treadmill, room bicycle or walking, three times a week. We determined lipid and cardiovascular parameters and nitric oxide (NO) concentration at the beginning and after a six-week of training. Results. There were no significant differences in body weight, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio at the start and at the end of physical training program. Physical training significantly reduced body mass index after six weeks compared to the initial and control values. Physical training significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate after a six-week training period (p < 0.05). Heart rate was significantly lower after a training period as compared to the control (p < 0.05). A significant reduction of triglyceride and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration after cardiovascular rehabilitation were registered (p < 0.05). The concentration of triglycerides was significantly lower while NO and HDL-C were higher after six weeks in the exercise training group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Dynamic training can improve blood pressure in patients with moderate to severe hypertension and reduce the need for medication. Exercise programs induced favorable adaptations on lipoproteins profile, cardiovascular parameters and endothelial function which are clinically desirable in primary and secondary prevention of CAD.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardiovascular Parameters during Meditation with Mental Targeting in Varsity Swimmers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyvin A. Rich ◽  
Robert Pfister ◽  
John Alton ◽  
David Gerdt ◽  
Martin Baruch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction. Athletes who develop an immunosuppressed state because of intensive training get upper respiratory infections (URIs) and may respond to meditation. Reflective exercise (RE), a westernized form of Qigong, combines meditation, breathing, and targeted mental attention to an internal pulsatile sensation, previously shown to protect varsity swimmers from URIs during the height of training. We report here the evaluation of cardiovascular parameters measured during meditation combined with targeted imagery (interoception) in a cohort of varsity swimmers taught RE.Methods. Thirteen subjects were enrolled on a prospective protocol that used the CareTaker, a noninvasive cardiovascular monitor before, during, and after RE training. Questionnaires regarding targeted mental imagery focusing on a pulsatile sensation were collected. The cardiovascular parameters include heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV).Results. Increased variance in the subjects’ BP and HRV was observed over the training period of 8 weeks. In nine subjects there was an increased low frequency (LF) HRV that was significantly (p<0.05) associated with the subject’s awareness of the pulsatile sensation that makes up a basic part of the RE practice.Summary. These data support further evaluation of HRV measurements in subjects while meditating with mental imagery. This direction could contribute to better understanding of neurocardiac mechanisms that relate meditation to enhanced immunity.

Modeling and System Identification of Hemodynamic Responses to Vasopressor-Inotropes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Bighamian ◽  
Sadaf Soleymani ◽  
Andrew T. Reisner ◽  
Istvan Seri ◽  
Jin-Oh Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Epinephrine Dose

In an effort to establish an initial step towards the ultimate goal of developing an analytic tool to optimize the vasopressor-inotrope therapy through individualized dose-response relationships, we propose a phenomenological model intended to reproduce the hemodynamic response to vasopressor-inotropes. The proposed model consists of a cardiovascular model relating blood pressure to cardinal cardiovascular parameters (stroke volume and total peripheral resistance) and the phenomenological relationships between the cardinal cardiovascular parameters and the vasopressor-inotrope dose, in such a way that the model can be adapted to individual patient solely based upon blood pressure and heart rate responses to medication dosing. In this paper, the preliminary validity of the proposed model is shown using the experimental epinephrine dose versus blood pressure and heart rate response data collected from five newborn piglets. Its performance and potential usefulness are discussed. It is anticipated that, potentially, the proposed phenomenological model may offer a meaningful first step towards the automated control of vasopressor-inotrope therapy.

Dbh(-/-) mice are hypotensive, have altered circadian rhythms, and have abnormal responses to dieting and stress

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. R108-R113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Swoap ◽  
David Weinshenker ◽  
Richard D. Palmiter ◽  
Graham Garber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Blood Pressures

We used mice deficient in dopamine β-hydroxylase [ Dbh(-/-)] and their littermate controls [ Dbh(+/-)] to examine the role of epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) in the maintenance of cardiovascular parameters during 7 days of caloric restriction and acute exposure to environmental stress. Cardiovascular parameters of the mice were monitored using blood pressure radiotelemeters at an ambient temperature of 29°C. Under normal conditions, Dbh(-/-) mice had a low heart rate, were severely hypotensive, and displayed an attenuated circadian blood pressure rhythm. Upon 50% caloric restriction, Dbh(+/-) mice exhibited decreases in heart rate and mean blood pressure. However, the blood pressures of Dbh(-/-) mice did not fall significantly in response to caloric restriction, and the bradycardia associated with caloric restriction was attenuated in these mice. In response to an open-field test, the blood pressure and heart rate of Dbh(+/-) mice increased substantially and rapidly, whereas Dbh(-/-) mice had blunted changes in blood pressures and no change in heart rate. These data suggest a primary role of Epi and NE in mediating the hypotension induced by dieting. Furthermore, Epi and NE play a smaller, but still significant, role in the bradycardia induced by caloric restriction. In contrast, Epi and NE are required for the tachycardia in an open field but are not required for the increase in blood pressure.

scholarly journals Comparison between cardiovascular effects of adrenaline and phenylephrine associated with lidocaine and the effects of felypressin with prilocaine during intrabucal anesthesia in ASA I patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Tatiany Bertollo Cozer Ribeiro Da Costa ◽  
Antônio De Melo Cabral ◽  
Renata Pittella Cançado
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
In Trans

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cardiovascular effects by infiltration of 1:100.000 epinephrine and 1:2.500 phenylephrine associated with 2% lidocaine compared with the effects by infiltration of 0.03 IU/ml felypressin with 3% prilocaine, during surgery of third molars in ASA I patients.METHODS: Eighteen patients were divided into two groups. In group I (GI), the effects of epinephrine vs felypressin were evaluated and in group II (GII), the effects of phenylephrine vs felypressin. Cardiovascular parameters: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SatO2) were measured in pre, trans and post-operative periods.RESULTS: Statistical analysis (T-TEST) on the cardiovascular parameters demonstrated with significance that, GI: felypressin presented HR average reduction in the postoperative period and SatO2 average reduction in trans and postoperative periods. For GII: felypressin presented SatO2 average reduction in the postoperative period; SBP averages for patients submitted to phenylephrine increased in trans and postoperative periods; and DBP averages for patients submitted to phenylephrine increased in pre and trans-operative periods.COCLUSION: We can conclude that phenylephrine may lead to increased SBP and DBP and felypressin generated a reduction in HR and SatO2. All these changes were well tolerated by ASA I patients.

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