Free radical-mediated platelet activation by hemoglobin released from red blood cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Iuliano ◽  
Francesco Violi ◽  
Jens Z. Pedersen ◽  
Domenico Praticò ◽  
Giuseppe Rotilio ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Danny Bluestein ◽  
João S. Soares ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Seetha Pothapragada ◽  
...  

The coagulation cascade of blood may be initiated by flow induced platelet activation, which prompts clot formation in prosthetic cardiovascular devices and arterial disease processes. While platelet activation may be induced by biochemical agonists, shear stresses arising from pathological flow patterns enhance the propensity of platelets to activate and initiate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, leading to thrombosis. Upon activation platelets undergo complex biochemical and morphological changes: organelles are centralized, membrane glycoproteins undergo conformational changes, and adhesive pseudopods are extended. Activated platelets polymerize fibrinogen into a fibrin network that enmeshes red blood cells. Activated platelets also cross-talk and aggregate to form thrombi. Current numerical simulations to model this complex process mostly treat blood as a continuum and solve the Navier-Stokes equations governing blood flow, coupled with diffusion-convection-reaction equations. It requires various complex constitutive relations or simplifying assumptions, and is limited to μm level scales. However, molecular mechanisms governing platelet shape change upon activation and their effect on rheological properties can be in the nm level scales. To address this challenge, a multiscale approach which departs from continuum approaches, may offer an effective means to bridge the gap between macroscopic flow and cellular scales. Molecular dynamics (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) methods have been employed in recent years to simulate complex processes at the molecular scales, and various viscous fluids at low-to-high Reynolds numbers at mesoscopic scales. Such particle methods possess important properties at the mesoscopic scale: complex fluids with heterogeneous particles can be modeled, allowing the simulation of processes which are otherwise very difficult to solve by continuum approaches. It is becoming a powerful tool for simulating complex blood flow, red blood cells interactions, and platelet-mediated thrombosis involving platelet activation, aggregation, and adhesion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2414-2428

The synthesis and antioxidant of some new pyrazole analogs were described. It is achieved by the reaction of phenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine (3) with different bifunctional reagents. The free radical-induced damage and the protective effects of the newly synthesized pyrazoles were studied. These new compounds inhibit the free radical-induced oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells effectively. It was found that these compounds effectively inhibit the free radical-induced oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells. Compound 5, which contain phenolic group, and 17, which bear sulfur, nitrogen atoms, and benzothiazole ring, respectively displayed high antioxidant activity. Analogs 15, 11, 10, and 9 were proved to exhibit antioxidative activity. Structures of new pyrazoles were confirmed by spectroscopic and elemental analyses and have been screened for their antioxidant activity.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1313-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Guo Fang ◽  
Man Lu ◽  
Lan-Ping Ma ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Long-Min Wu ◽  
...  

1987 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miki ◽  
Hiroshi Tamai ◽  
Makoto Mino ◽  
Yorihiro Yamamoto ◽  
Etsuo Niki

Life Sciences ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 2488-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Dai ◽  
Qing Miao ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Zhong-Li Liu

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyasu Sekiya ◽  
Hiroaki Hikiami ◽  
Yoichiro Nakai ◽  
Iwao Sakakibara ◽  
Kazuya Nozaki ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Casado ◽  
A.L. Cecchini ◽  
A.N.C. Simão ◽  
R.D. Oliveira ◽  
R. Cecchini

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