Messenger RNA properties of primary cultures of thyroid cells isolated from normal thyroid tissue and from patients with various thyroid diseases

Abstract The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is important in hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. NIS activity, as reflected by I− uptake, was increased by TSH (1 mU/mL) or forskolin (10μ mol/L) in primary cultured human thyroid cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that incubation of these cells with TSH or forskolin for 24 h increased the abundance of NIS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 2.3- and 2.5-fold, respectively. Immunoblot analysis revealed 2.7- and 2.4-fold increases, respectively, in the amount of NIS protein after 48 h, suggesting that elevated levels of intracellular cAMP induced the expression of NIS in human thyrocytes. We then studied the levels of NIS mRNA and protein in Graves’ thyroid tissue and found that the amount of NIS mRNA in thyroid tissue from individuals with Graves’ disease (n = 5) was 3.8 times that in normal thyroid tissue (n = 5). The abundance of NIS mRNA was significantly correlated with that of thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin mRNAs, but not with that of TSH receptor mRNA, in the Graves’ and normal thyroid tissue specimens. The amount of NIS protein was also increased 3.1-fold in Graves’ thyroid tissue compared with that in normal thyroid tissue. The increased expression of NIS may thus contribute to the development of Graves’ disease.

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The CCK2-receptor is expressed in human medullary thyroid carcinomas as well as in normal thyroid tissue

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)82515-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A507-A507

Author(s):

M BLAEKER ◽

A WEERTH ◽

L JONAS ◽

M TOMETTEN ◽

M SCHUTZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Medullary Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Carcinomas ◽

Cck2 Receptor ◽

Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas

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Detection of parathyroid adenomas with 4DCT: Towards a true four-dimensional technique

10.21203/rs.3.rs-237831/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Raeymaeckers ◽

Yannick De Brucker ◽

Tim Vanderhasselt ◽

Nico Buls ◽

Johan De Mey

Keyword(s):

Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Motion Artifacts ◽

P Value ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Parathyroid Adenomas ◽

Parathyroid Lesions ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background. 4DCT is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, combining three-dimensional imaging with enhancement over time as the fourth dimension. We propose a novel technique consisting of 16 different contrast phases, instead of three or four different phases. The main aim of this study was to see if this protocol allows for the detection of parathyroid adenomas within dose limits. Our secondary aim was examining the enhancement of parathyroid lesions over time.Methods. For this prospective study, we included 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism prior to surgery. We obtain a 4DCT with 16 different phases: an unenhanced phase followed by 11 consecutive arterial phases and 4 venous phases. Centered on the thyroid, continuous axial scanning is performed over a fixed 8cm or 16cm coverage volume after start of contrast administration.Results. In all patients an enlarged parathyroid can be demonstrated, mean lesion size is 13.6mm. Mean peak arterial peak enhancement for parathyroid lesions is 384 HU compared to 333 HU for the normal thyroid. No statistical difference could be found. Time to peak (TTP) is significantly earlier for parathyroid adenomas compared to normal thyroid tissue: 30.8s versus 32.3s (p value 0.008). Mean Slope of Increase (MSI) of the enhancement curve is significantly steeper compared to normal thyroid tissue: 29.8% versus 22.2% (p value 0.012). Mean dose length product was 890.7 mGy.cm with a calculated effective dose of 6.7 mSv.Conclusion. We propose a feasible 4DCT scanning-protocol for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. We manage to obtain a multitude of phases, allowing for a dynamic evaluation within an acceptable exposure range when compared to classic helical 4DCT. Our 4DCT protocol may allow for a better visualization of the pattern of enhancement of parathyroid lesions, as enhancement over time curves can be drawn. This way wash-in and wash-out of contrast in suspected lesions can be readily demonstrated. Motion artifacts are less problematic as multiple phases are available.

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Certain peculiarities of parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with nodular forms of goiter with its rucurrent and non-recurrent course

Clinical anatomy and operative surgery ◽

10.24061/1727-0847.19.1.2020.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

N. P. Tkachuk ◽

I. S. Davydenko

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Stromal Component ◽

Correlation Parameters

In spite of a considerable efficacy of conservative treatment of goiter, surgery remains the main method of treatment of such patients. Though, on the one hand, total thyroidectomy inevitably results in the development of postsurgical hypothyroidism, on the other hand – in case organ-saving surgery is performed the risk of postsurgical relapse arises. Modern morphological methods are directed to detection of oncological risk of nodular formations, and recommendations concerning an adequate volume of surgery taking into account probability of relapse are practically lacking. Therefore, the objective of the study was finding criteria of a relapsing risk by means of investigation of morphological peculiarities of the parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with recurrent nodular and primary nodular (multinodular) goiter without signs of functional disorders. In the course of the research according to the examined correlation parameters of the parenchyma and stroma various forms of nodular goiter were found to differ from the thyroid tissue without pathological changes by a number of parameters. In particular, specific weight of the parenchyma on an average increases reliably in the tissue of nodular goiter with its various variants in comparison with the thyroid gland without pathological changes. Together with the increase of the parenchymal specific weight in nodular goiter the amount of colloid on an average decreases, and a specific dependence on the kind of goiter is observed – colloid volume decreases from goiter with slow growth to goiter with quick growth, and it is the smallest with goiter relapse. Quantitative analysis of the goiter tissue stromal component demonstrates a considerable increase of its specific volume in comparison with normal thyroid tissue. Evaluation of changes of the morphometric parameters in the thyroid follicles found that in case of nodular goiter with slow growth the percentage of follicles with colloid is close to 100%. On an average it does not differ from that of the normal thyroid tissue. At the same time, in case of nodular goiter with quick growth the percentage of follicles with colloid decreases sharply, and in case of relapse it appears to be still less than that in nodular goiter with quick growth. Besides, with nodular goiter the diameter of follicles on an average increases in comparison with the normal thyroid tissue. In a number of cases it can be estimated as macrofollicular goiter. At the same time, the diameter of follicles is smaller in nodular goiter with quick growth. It is still less in case of goiter relapse. The size of follicles becomes sharply diverse in case of nodular goiter with slow growth, but it decreases in case of nodular goiter with quick growth and relapse. Consequently, recurrent nodular goiter is mostly similar to that of primary nodular goiter with a quick growth, though certain differences between them exist. The peculiarities found enable to suggest that nodular goiter with a quick growth possesses more chances for relapse.

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The effects of cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and glucocorticoids on phagocytosis by thyroid cells

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1190413 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 413-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mayumi Matsunaga ◽

Katsumi Eguchi ◽

Takaaki Fukuda ◽

Hiroshi Tezuka ◽

Yukitaka Ueki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Interferon Α ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Thyroid Cells ◽

Latex Beads ◽

Thyroid Glands

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to examine whether thyrocytes possess phagocytic activity and whether the phagocytic activity is influenced by cytokines, such as interleukin 1, 2 (IL 1, IL 2) and interferon-α, -β, and -γ (IFN-α, β, and γ), and drugs, such as methimazole and dexamethasone. Thyroid glands were obtained from patients with Graves' disease. Thyrocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion. Thyrocytes were pre-incubated in the presence or absence of cytokines and drugs at 37°C for 20 h and were further incubated with fluoresceinated latex beads at 37°C for 60 min. The number of phagocytic thyrocytes was determined by FACS IV. Phagocytosis of latex beads was indeed seen within thyrocytes and gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. The rate of phagocytosis in thyrocytes was extremely slow as compared with that in macrophages. Phagocytic activity was detected in thyrocytes from patients with Graves' disease and from normal thyroid tissue adjacent to thyroid cancer. Phagocytosis was inhibited by IL 1, but was enhanced by IL 2. Although the enhanced phagocytosis with IFN-β was consistently seen, little effect was detected with IFN-α and -γ. Both methimazole and dexamethasone markedly inhibited phagocytosis. These results indicated that thyrocytes had phagocytic properties and that their phagocytic activity was modulated by cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and dexamethasone.

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Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with NF-κB to increase VEGFC levels in human thyroid cancer

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20180394 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bo Gao ◽

Lingji Guo ◽

Donglin Luo ◽

Yan Jiang ◽

Jianjie Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Steroid Receptor ◽

Human Thyroid ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Steroid Receptor Coactivator ◽

Lymphatic Metastases ◽

Factor C

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) is essential for development of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic metastases during carcinogenesis. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) interacts with nuclear receptors and transcription factors to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the correlation between SRC-1 and VEGFC levels in the lymphatic metastases of thyroid cancer remains unclear. We analyzed 20-paired specimens of thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue and found increased levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC proteins in 13/20 and 15/20 thyroid cancer specimens, respectively, when compared with those levels in specimens of normal thyroid tissue. A high level of SRC-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGFC and lymphatic endothelial cell marker LYVE-1 expression. Papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 displayed high levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC expression and was selected for stable knockdown of SRC-1 in vitro. Inhibition of SRC-1 significantly reduced the VEGFC levels in TPC-1 cells. We found that SRC-1 binds to transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65), and that this coactivation complex directly promoted VEGFC transcription, which could be abrogated by SRC-1 knockdown. Up-regulated NF-kB signaling was also confirmed in thyroid cancer tissues. In vivo studies showed that SRC-1 knockdown restricted tumor growth, reduced the numbers of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels, and decreased the levels of VEGFC in tumor tissues. These results suggest a tumorigenic role for SRC-1 in thyroid cancer via its ability to regulate VEGFC expression.

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Detection of SARS-COV-2 receptor ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells: a clue for COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ◽

10.1007/s40618-020-01436-w ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M. Rotondi ◽

F. Coperchini ◽

G. Ricci ◽

M. Denegri ◽

L. Croce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Cultures ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Subacute Thyroiditis ◽

Human Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Cell ◽

Type I ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Follicular Cells ◽

Thyroid Cells ◽

Tissue Samples

Abstract Purpose SARS-COV-2 is a pathogenic agent belonging to the coronavirus family, responsible for the current global world pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 is a type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase involved in the Renin-Angiotensin pathway. By analyzing two independent databases, ACE-2 was identified in several human tissues including the thyroid. Although some cases of COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis were recently described, direct proof for the expression of the ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells is still lacking. Aim of the present study was to investigate by RT-PCR whether the mRNA encoding for ACE-2 is present in human thyroid cells. Methods RT-PCR was performed on in vitro ex vivo study on thyroid tissue samples (15 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign thyroid nodules) and primary thyroid cell cultures. Results The ACE-2 mRNA was detected in all surgical thyroid tissue samples (n = 15). Compared with two reporter genes (GAPDH: 0.052 ± 0.0026 Cycles−1; β-actin: 0.044 ± 0.0025 Cycles−1; ACE-2: 0.035 ± 0.0024 Cycles−1), the mean level of transcript expression for ACE-2 mRNA was abundant. The expression of ACE-2 mRNA in follicular cells was confirmed by analyzing primary cultures of thyroid cells, which expressed the ACE-2 mRNA at levels similar to tissues. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that the mRNA encoding for the ACE-2 receptor is expressed in thyroid follicular cells, making them a potential target for SARS-COV-2 entry. Future clinical studies in patients with COVID-19 will be required for increase our understanding of the thyroid repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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