The effects of cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and glucocorticoids on phagocytosis by thyroid cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Matsunaga ◽  
Katsumi Eguchi ◽  
Takaaki Fukuda ◽  
Hiroshi Tezuka ◽  
Yukitaka Ueki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Thyroid Glands

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to examine whether thyrocytes possess phagocytic activity and whether the phagocytic activity is influenced by cytokines, such as interleukin 1, 2 (IL 1, IL 2) and interferon-α, -β, and -γ (IFN-α, β, and γ), and drugs, such as methimazole and dexamethasone. Thyroid glands were obtained from patients with Graves' disease. Thyrocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion. Thyrocytes were pre-incubated in the presence or absence of cytokines and drugs at 37°C for 20 h and were further incubated with fluoresceinated latex beads at 37°C for 60 min. The number of phagocytic thyrocytes was determined by FACS IV. Phagocytosis of latex beads was indeed seen within thyrocytes and gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. The rate of phagocytosis in thyrocytes was extremely slow as compared with that in macrophages. Phagocytic activity was detected in thyrocytes from patients with Graves' disease and from normal thyroid tissue adjacent to thyroid cancer. Phagocytosis was inhibited by IL 1, but was enhanced by IL 2. Although the enhanced phagocytosis with IFN-β was consistently seen, little effect was detected with IFN-α and -γ. Both methimazole and dexamethasone markedly inhibited phagocytosis. These results indicated that thyrocytes had phagocytic properties and that their phagocytic activity was modulated by cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and dexamethasone.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of the Na+/I− Symporter in Cultured Human Thyroid Cells Exposed to Thyrotropin and in Graves’ Thyroid Tissue*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 3331-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Saito ◽  
Toyoshi Endo ◽  
Akio Kawaguchi ◽  
Masato Ikeda ◽  
Minoru Nakazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

Abstract The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is important in hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. NIS activity, as reflected by I− uptake, was increased by TSH (1 mU/mL) or forskolin (10μ mol/L) in primary cultured human thyroid cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that incubation of these cells with TSH or forskolin for 24 h increased the abundance of NIS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 2.3- and 2.5-fold, respectively. Immunoblot analysis revealed 2.7- and 2.4-fold increases, respectively, in the amount of NIS protein after 48 h, suggesting that elevated levels of intracellular cAMP induced the expression of NIS in human thyrocytes. We then studied the levels of NIS mRNA and protein in Graves’ thyroid tissue and found that the amount of NIS mRNA in thyroid tissue from individuals with Graves’ disease (n = 5) was 3.8 times that in normal thyroid tissue (n = 5). The abundance of NIS mRNA was significantly correlated with that of thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin mRNAs, but not with that of TSH receptor mRNA, in the Graves’ and normal thyroid tissue specimens. The amount of NIS protein was also increased 3.1-fold in Graves’ thyroid tissue compared with that in normal thyroid tissue. The increased expression of NIS may thus contribute to the development of Graves’ disease.

Intermediate microRNA expression profile in Graves’ disease falls between that of normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Pohl ◽  
Florian Grabellus ◽  
Karl Worm ◽  
Georg Arnold ◽  
Martin Walz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Benign Thyroid

AimsMany studies have previously reported a higher prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) in patients with Graves' disease (GD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are upregulated in PTC compared with benign thyroid tissue. The objective of the study was to examine the miRNA expression of selected miRNAs that are known to be upregulated in PTC in patients with GD.MethodsParaffin embedded thyroid tissue from 159 patients with GD was screened for expression of the miRNAs 146b, 181b, 21, 221 and 222 by RT-PCR. The expression profiles of four normal thyroids, 50 PTCs without concomitant GD and 11 patients with untreated GD served as the controls.ResultsThe expression pattern of these miRNAs in patients with GD is intermediate between that of benign thyroid tissue (p<0.001) and PTC (in three out of five miRNAs, p<0.001). This corresponds to a 15-fold change for GD versus PTC, and a 31-fold change for GD versus normal thyroid tissue. The miRNA expression in 11 papillary microcarcinomas found in our study (a prevalence of 0.07) was not different from that in PTC samples from patients without GD for four of five miRNA types. Furthermore, we found a significant difference in the expression of miRNA 221/222 between treated and untreated GD tissue.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found an intermediate expression of specific miRNAs in thyroid tissue from patients with GD that fell between the expression levels found in normal thyroid glands and PTC, which suggests a possible influence of certain miRNAs on developing PTC in patients with GD.

Transient lack of response to TSH of human cultured thyroid cells obtained from hyperfunctioning tissue

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Annalisa Tanini ◽  
Maria Luisa Brandi ◽  
Umberto Modigliani ◽  
Carlo M. Rotella ◽  
Roberto Toccafondi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Rate Of Response ◽  
In Cells

Abstract. TSH-induced cAMP accumulation in cells obtained from normal and pathological thyroid tissue was studied during the first 12 days of primary culture. In normal thyroid tissue cultures (N = 7), the response of cAMP to TSH was present from the second day of culture and reached its maximum after 8 days. A similar behaviour was observed in cultures obtained from euthyroid sporadic goitres (N = 8), even if the rate of response was slightly lower than that of normal tissue. Similarly, cultured cells from euthyroid 'autonomous' nodules (N = 8) appeared to be responsive to TSH during the period of study, but the rate of response was also lower than in the controls. On the contrary, in cultures obtained from toxic adenomas (N = 5) and from diffuse toxic goitres (N = 5) the response to TSH was absent during the first 4 days of culture. The cells became sensitive to TSH from 6 and 6 day onwards, with the rate of response increasing progressively and reaching its maximum on day 12. Finally, in cultured cells obtained from different areas of multinodular toxic goitres (N = 4), the response to TSH was similar to that of euthyroid goitres in cells prepared from 'cold' areas, and to that of toxic adenomas in cells obtained from 'hot' areas. The present data demonstrate the existence of an inhibitory action of unknown factors, possibly iodothyronines or thyroglobulin, on the TSH effect in short-term cultures obtained from thyrotoxic tissues. A normal TSH responsiveness can be restored when the culture is prolonged.

Intrathyroidal cytokine gene expression profiles in autoimmune thyroiditis

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Paschke ◽  
F Schuppert ◽  
M Taton ◽  
T Velu
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cytokine Mrnas

Abstract Cytokines are thought to mediate the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune thyroiditis. However, this concept is mainly based on in vitro findings and to date only interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) have been detected in Graves' disease in vivo. The cytokine pattern produced by T-helper (Th) cells has important regulatory effects on the nature of the immune response. We therefore determined these cytokine mRNAs in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. RNA was extracted by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation from the thyroid tissue of 12 patients undergoing thyroid resection for Graves' disease and from two patients being treated for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Two patients with parathyroid adenomas and one patient with a goiter were used as controls. RNA was also extracted from normal human thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture. The cDNAs were prepared by reverse transcription and amplified for IL-2, -4, -5, -6 and -10 and IFN-γ by polymerase chain reaction. All the cytokine mRNAs were detected in the Hashimoto's thyroid glands in large quantities. Six of the 12 Graves' disease thyroid glands showed, when compared with controls, an increased accumulation of transcripts for: IFN-γ, IL-2, -4 and -10 or IL-2, -4 and IFN-γ or IL-2 and IFN-γ or IFN-γ alone, each in one case or IL-2 alone in two cases. These cytokine profiles were not representative of a Th1 or Th2 phenotype. Increased amounts of cytokine mRNA in thyroid glands from Graves' disease patients were mostly associated with high microsomal antibody titres and/or prominent intrathyroidal lymphocytic infiltration. IL-6 and/or IL-10 mRNAs were detectable in all Graves' disease thyroid glands and in control thyroid tissue. IL-10 mRNA was not detectable in normal human thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis clearly differ with respect to the number of positive intrathyroidal cytokine mRNAs and their levels. The different cytokine patterns in Graves' disease and in Hashimoto's thyroiditis could reflect the clinical spectrum of autoimmune thyroiditis which is characterized by thyroid tissue destruction and/or thyroid autoantibody production. These data suggest that the course of autoimmune thyroiditis is regulated by the interplay of several cytokines. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 309–315

scholarly journals Expansion of inflammatory monocytes in periphery and infiltrated into thyroid tissue in Graves’ disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Chen ◽  
Yanqiu Wang ◽  
Yicheng Qi ◽  
Jiqi Yan ◽  
Fengjiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
B Cell Activating Factor ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody

AbstractMonocytes are important mediators of immune system and are reported to be altered in autoimmune disorders. Little is known about the pathological role of monocytes in Graves’ disease (GD). Thus, we investigated monocytes in periphery and thyroid tissue in GD. Untreated GD patients were enrolled and followed up until remission. Monocytes were significantly increased and positively correlated with anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) in untreated GD (rcounts = 0.269, P < 0.001; rpercentage = 0.338, P < 0.001). Flow cytometry showed CD14++ CD16+ monocytes were increased and CD14++ CD16- monocytes were decreased in untreated GD (both P < 0.001). Skewed monocyte subsets were recovered in GD with remission. Serum B cell-activating factor (BAFF) was positively correlated with TRAb (r = 0.384 and P = 0.001). CD14++ CD16+ monocytes expressed higher level of BAFF in untreated GD (P < 0.05). The frequency of CD14+ monocytes and CD14+ CD16+ monocytes were significantly higher in GD thyroid tissue than in normal thyroid tissue (both P < 0.001). Our study suggested CD14++ CD16+ monocytes were significantly expanded and involved in the production of TRAb via secreting a higher level of BAFF in periphery. Besides, monocytes infiltrated into thyroid tissue and thus could serve as an important participant in GD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Activation of Heterophils and Monocytes in Chicken with a Formulation Containing a Seaweed Extract from Ulva armoricana

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bussy F
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Ulva Armoricana

Responsiveness to invasive pathogens, clearance via the inflammatory response, and activation of appropriate acquired responses are all coordinated by innate host defenses. We have previously demonstrated that a purified ulvan extract of Ulva armoricana is able to activate avian heterophils and monocytes in vitro and in vivo , leading to in vivo release of cytokines including interleukin 1 β (IL1β), interferon α (IFNα) and interferon γ (IFNγ), in a transient and dose-dependent manner. In this study, we used the same protocol to evaluate a formulated version of this extract, called Searup ® . Our experiments showed that a single oral administration of this product at the dose recommended for use in the farm, results in heterophils and monocytes activation. In heterophils, activation was evidenced by β-D-glucuronidase release and increased mRNA expression of IL1β, IFNα and IFNγ. In monocytes, the expression of IFNγ and inducible nitrite oxide synthase (iNOS) were also up-regulated. Finally, plasmatic NO increased significantly on day 1, decreased on day 2 and was no longer significant at day 3. A similar pattern was observed for β-D-glucuronidase and for the modifications of the transcription profiles in monocytes as well as in heterophils. The only notable exception is gene transcription of 2'-5' Oligoadenylate Synthase, which is maximal at day 2 in monocytes. Due to its protective role in virus infection, this may constitute an additional layer of protection for this class of pathogens. Together our results show that the formulated solution, Searup ® , similarly to the purified extract allow to activate monocytes and heterophils but with some variations in the cytokines profiles and may provide protection against a larger variety of pathogens.

QUANTITATIVE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN JODIDTRANSPORT IN ENDEMISCHEN KRÖPFEN UND GESUNDEN SCHILDDRÜSEN

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
G. Riccabona ◽  
L. Obendorf ◽  
P. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Endemic Goitre ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Iodide Transport ◽  
Thyroid Glands

ABSTRACT In a series of in vitro studies an attempt was made to quantitate thyroidal iodide transport in goitres and normal thyroid glands. All the specimens were obtained from patients living in an endemic goitre area. The iodide transport capacity was shown to be higher in normal thyroid tissue than in goitres. These findings in diseased glands represent an obvious impairment of the adaptation mechanism to iodine deficiency, and can explain the growth of goitres when iodide supply is only slightly diminished. As thyroidal iodide transport is known to be related to the energy metabolism of the thyroid gland, it is suggested, that disturbances of thyroidal energy and phospolipid metabolism might be responsible for the observed insufficiency of the thyroidal iodide pump in endemic goitres.

scholarly journals Changes of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Expressions in Thyroid Glands of Patients with Different Thyroid Pathologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj ◽  
Mirosław Andrusiewicz ◽  
Agata Czarnywojtek ◽  
Joanna Waligórska-Stachura ◽  
Maciej Biczysko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Previous Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Low Levels

Purpose. Our aim was to analyze NAMPT expression in thyroid tissue derived from patients with Graves’ disease with (GD) and without (GO) orbitopathy, patients with toxic nodular goiters (TNG) and thyroid cancers (TC), and healthy controls. Methods. 153 thyroid tissue samples of consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy were collected. Previous therapy with steroids was an exclusion criterion. We collected clinicopathological data of all subjects and we assessed NAMPT expression using qPCR. Results. We found the highest NAMPT expression in the thyroids of patients with GO (n = 20) and cancers (n = 40). Also, there was statistically significant NAMPT overexpression in patients with TNG (n = 30). Relatively low NAMPT expression was found in GD patients (n = 21) and in the control group (n = 39). In one-way ANCOVA, we confirmed that NAMPT expression differs between subgroups and that it is not influenced by age, BMI, or sex of patients. Conclusions. Reported alteration of NAMPT expression might suggest its involvement in thyroid pathologies. Observed NAMPT overexpression in patients with GO and its relatively low levels in thyroids of patients with GD without eye changes do not confirm causal relationship between NAMPT level and orbitopathy, but this needs further investigation.

Isolation of a cDNA whose expression is markedly increased in malignantly transformed FRTL cells and neoplastic human thyroid tissues

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
K Ohta ◽  
T Endo ◽  
K Gunji ◽  
T Onaya
Keyword(s):  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Filter Hybridization ◽  
Rat Thyroid

ABSTRACT We have cloned a cDNA whose mRNA levels are increased in malignantly transformed rat thyroid FRTL cells (FRTL-Tc cells). We constructed a cDNA library from FRTL-Tc cells in λgt10 and screened the cDNAs by differential plaque filter hybridization. Twenty-five thousand clones were screened and one cDNA (C140) was selected which corresponded to a mRNA whose expression was 5·8 times higher in FRTL-Tc cells than in FRTL cells. A 0·8 kb specific C140 mRNA was detected by Northern blot analysis of FRTL-Tc and FRTL mRNAs. The C140 cDNA was sequenced and found to encode a protein of 227 amino acids. We have found that C140 mRNA is conserved in human thyroid cells, but it is encoded by a smaller 0·7 kb transcript. C140 mRNA was highly expressed in neoplastic thyroid tissues and weakly in normal thyroid tissues in the same patients. Additionally, we found that C140 mRNA was also increased in the thyroid tissue of a patient with Graves' disease. These results suggest that C140 expression might be higher in rapidly growing thyroid cells than in normal cells, and might provide a new aspect for the study of thyroid tumours.

Assessment of thyroid growth stimulating activity of immunoglobulins from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases by cytokinesis arrest assay

1997 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Miyamoto ◽  
Kanji Kasagi ◽  
Mohammad Sayeedul Alam ◽  
Takashi Misaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Iida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Objective: To develop a novel bioassay for the assessment of thyroid cell growth stimulating activity using cytochalasin B (CB) and to test immunoglobulins (IgGs) from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Design: The assay is based on the principle that growing cells during incubation with CB show an increased number of nuclei in a cell (N/C index), since CB. at appropriate concentrations, is known to inhibit cytoplasmic cleavage without affecting nuclear mitosis. The N/C index represents potential DNA production while cells are incubated with CB. Methods: FRTL-5 thyroid cells were incubated with various thyroid stimulators in TSH-free medium containing 2 mg/l CB for 3 days. After the incubation, the cells were harvested in trypsin/EDTA to obtain single cell suspension, fixed, dropped onto a glass slide, stained and observed under a microscope to determine the N/C index. Results: Bovine TSH at 10−3–1·0 U/l, forskolin at 1×10−7–10−5 mol/l, cholera toxin at 10×10−5–10−3 mg/l, or (Bu)2cAMP at 1× 10−5–10−3 mol/l increased the N/C index up to approximately 2·0 in a dose-dependent manner. IgGs not only from 27 patients with untreated goitrous Graves' disease but also from 14 patients with goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis elicited an increase in the N/C index, which exceeded the mean+2s.d. of the values for 17 normal subjects (mean ± s.d., 1·063 ±0.014). Four patients with primary myxedema displayed a normal N/C index. In Graves' disease, the N/C index did not correlate significantly with thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) activities but did correlate significantly with estimated goiter size (P<0·05). IgGs containing blocking-type TSH-receptor antibodies inhibited the TSH- or Graves' IgG-stimulated increase in N/C index almost completely, but did not influence the stimulatory effect of IgG from two patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Conclusions: We have developed a sensitive and simple assay for thyroid growth stimulating activity by using CB, and found that all tested patients with goitrous Graves' disease and goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis have thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins whose activity does not correlate with TSAb. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 499–507

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