scholarly journals Long-term effects of early social isolation in Macaca mulatta: changes in dopamine receptor function following apomorphine challenge

1990 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Lewis ◽  
John P. Gluck ◽  
Alan J. Beauchamp ◽  
Michael F. Keresztury ◽  
Richard B. Mailman
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long Term Effects of Neonatal Hypoglycemia on Muscarinic Receptor Function in the Cerebellum

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Neonatal Stress ◽  
Old Rats

Neonatal stress conditions like hypoglycemia cause brain damage by affecting various signaling pathways thereby causing long term effects on brain functions. A proper understanding of the signaling pathways affected by this stress will help to devise better neonatal care. The focus of the current study was to evaluate the effect of neonatal hypoglycemic insult on cerebellar metabotropic cholinergic receptor function in one month old rats. The receptor analysis of cholinergic muscarinic receptors were done by radioreceptor assays and gene expression was analysed using Real Time PCR. Neonatal hypoglycemia significantly reduced (p<0.001) the cerebellar muscarinic receptor density with a down regulation (p<0.001) of muscarinic M3 receptor subtype gene expression in one month old rats. Both muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor subtype expression were not significantly altered. The catabolic enzyme in acetyl choline metabolism- acetylcholine esterase – showed a significant (p<0.001) up regulation with no siginificant change in the anabolic enzyme – choline acetyl transferase, signifying a change in the turnover ratio. Targeting these pathways at different levels can be exploited to devise better treatment for neonatal stress management and also for diseases with impaired insulin secretion such as diabetes.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of castration on the skeleton of male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kessler ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Antonietta M. Cerroni ◽  
Marc D. Grynpas ◽  
Olga D. Gonzalez Velez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male Rhesus

scholarly journals Long-Term Impacts of Post-weaning Social Isolation on Nucleus Accumbens Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari J. Bendersky ◽  
Allison A. Milian ◽  
Mason D. Andrus ◽  
Ubaldo De La Torre ◽  
Deena M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Medium Spiny Neurons ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Dopamine Receptor 1 ◽  
First Time

Adolescence is a period of incredible change, especially within the brain's reward circuitry. Stress, including social isolation, during this time has profound effects on behaviors associated with reward and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Because the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), is crucial to the integration of rewarding stimuli, the NAc is especially sensitive to disruptions by adolescent social isolation stress. This review highlights the long-term behavioral consequences of adolescent social isolation rearing on the NAc. It will discuss the cellular and molecular changes within the NAc that might underlie the long-term effects on behavior. When available sex-specific effects are discussed. Finally by mining publicly available data we identify, for the first time, key transcriptional profiles induced by adolescence social isolation in genes associated with dopamine receptor 1 and 2 medium spiny neurons and genes associated with cocaine self-administration. Together, this review provides a comprehensive discussion of the wide-ranging long-term impacts of adolescent social isolation on the dopaminergic system from molecules through behavior.

Adolescent vulnerability to cardiovascular consequences of chronic social stress: Immediate and long-term effects of social isolation during adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio C. Cruz ◽  
Josiane O. Duarte ◽  
Rodrigo M. Leão ◽  
Luiz F.V. Hummel ◽  
Cleopatra S. Planeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chronic Social Stress

Long-Term Effects of Total Social Isolation Upon Behavior of Rhesus Monkeys

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Mitchell ◽  
E. J. Raymond ◽  
G. C. Ruppenthal ◽  
H. F. Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Follow Up Study

8 isolate monkeys were compared in a follow-up study to 8 sophisticated controls in brief cross-sectional pairings with 12 stimulus strangers: 4 adults, 4 age-mates, and 4 juveniles. The isolates were characterized by infantile disturbance, less environmental orality, more fear, more aggression, less sex, less play, and bizarre ritualistic movements. 12-mo. isolates were fearful and nonaggressive but threatened many attacks. 6-mo. isolates were fearful and physically aggressive. The 12-mo. isolates demonstrated practically no positive social behavior. Conclusions are: (a) 6 mo. of social isolation during the first year has negative effects on social behavior up to puberty, (b) abnormal aggression appears in 3-yr.-old 6-mo. isolates, and (c) 12 mo. of isolation suppress or delay this aggression.

Long-term effects of cariprazine exposure on dopamine receptor subtypes

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kee Choi ◽  
Nika Adham ◽  
Béla Kiss ◽  
István Gyertyán ◽  
Frank I. Tarazi
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Preferential Binding

IntroductionAll clinically effective antipsychotics are known to act on the dopaminergic system, and previous studies have demonstrated that repeated treatment with antipsychotics produced region-specific changes in dopamine receptor levels. Cariprazine is a dopamine D3 and D2 receptor partial agonist with preferential binding to D3 receptors. We examined the effects of chronic cariprazine administration on dopamine receptor levels.MethodsRats were administered either vehicle or cariprazine (0.06, 0.2, or 0.6 mg/kg) for 28 days. Dopamine receptor levels were quantitated using autoradiographic assays on brain tissue sections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu), hippocampus (HIPP), olfactory tubercle (OT), and islands of Calleja (ICj).ResultsChronic treatment with cariprazine did not alter D1 receptor levels in any brain region tested. Cariprazine increased D2 receptor levels in mPFC (27%–43%), NAc (40%–45%), medial (41%–53%) and lateral (52%–63%) CPu, and HIPP (38%). Cariprazine dose-dependently upregulated D3 receptor levels in ICj (32%–57%), OT (27%–67%), and NAc shell (31%–48%). Repeated cariprazine treatment increased D4 receptor in NAc (53%–82%), medial (54%–98%) and lateral (58%–74%) CPu, and HIPP (38%–98%).ConclusionSimilar to other antipsychotics, cariprazine upregulated D2 and D4 receptor levels in various brain regions. Cariprazine was unique among antipsychotics in increasing D3 receptor levels, which may support its unique psychopharmacologic properties.

COVID-19: implications of self-isolation and social distancing for the emotional and behavioural health of dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Claire Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
Behavioural Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Exposure

As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the world, governments are taking unprecedented steps to achieve control and reduction of its affects. Although the potential mental and behavioural health challenges of social isolation for the human population has been widely discussed within the media, less has been said of the concurrent challenges faced by the companion animals that are also experiencing the regulations associated with ‘lock-down’ and ‘self-isolation’. This article considers the immediate consequences for dogs of reduced access to environmental and social stimulation outside the home and increased social exposure within the home, as well as considering some of the potential long-term effects of such measures.

Long-term effects of infant rearing condition on the acquisition of dominance rank in juvenile and adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L. Bastian ◽  
Anne C. Sponberg ◽  
Anne C. Sponberg ◽  
Stephen J. Suomi ◽  
J. Dee Higley
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rearing Condition
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document