Desalination of high salinity brackish water low pressure reverse osmosis

Desalination ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glueckstern ◽  
Y. Kantor ◽  
S. Kremen ◽  
M. Wilf
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Low Pressure

Desalination of brackish water for agriculture: challenges and future perspectives for seawater intrusion areas in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Huu Cong
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Nano Filtration ◽  
Exchange Resins

Abstract This research aims to provide an overview of the seawater encroachment threat on agriculture in lowland areas and potential solutions for better practices. It was found that the Mekong river delta experiences severe impacts from climate change with more than 75% of provinces affected by seawater intrusion, of which Kien Giang, Ca Mau and Ben Tre provinces are the most influenced with 70% affected areas. The salinity of river water was observed in the range of 15–30 g/L in 2015; meanwhile, the strongest tolerated rice species reached ceiling values of 3–4 g/L. Emerging challenges were identified due to the uncertain upstream hydrological regime coupled with high levels of tide, field evaporation and water withdrawal. The development strategies of affected provinces are given on the modification of rice tolerant capacity, and modification to aquaculture in areas with high salinity, in which water purification is in urgent demand. Desalination technologies have been proposed with various innovations which are still not practical on a large scale. The desalination of seawater and brackish water by reverse osmosis, nano-filtration, electro-dialysis, ion-exchange resins, electrochemical processes and thermal distillation has been applied to agriculture. The advance reverse osmosis shows most potential because of its advances in treating performance, cost effectiveness and effective rejection of brine.

Application of ultra low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) membrane to water and wastewater

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ozaki ◽  
K. Sharma ◽  
W. Saktaywin ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
Y. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

There is a worldwide grave concern about water pollution control. To mitigate the water scarcity, in arid zones and in the areas with no other sources but brackish water, reverse osmosis technology has played an important role. In an effort to reduce the cost of energy requirement for RO operation, nanofiltration has been developed. Until recently the nanofiltration has been used in water softening and removal of disinfection byproduct (DBO). Use of nanofiltration to desalinate brackish water has been ruled out due to low rejection of salts. The introduction of ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membrane, categorically a nanofiltration, has widened the horizon of using the nanofiltration in desalinating brackish water as well as surfacewater and wastewater. This development ensures the increase in flux due to improvement in active surface layer formation with the application of very small pressure. The surface charge and hydrophilicity on the surface material of the membrane have shown better flux stability in the high fouling conditions. With the addition of higher flux and higher rejection based on the same chemistry, ULPRO has made another step forward. This introduction will certainly reduce the operation cost and, more importantly, improve the overall reliability of the RO system. Application of nanofiltration is broadened to surface water treatment, wastewaters for nutrient removal and heavy metal rejection from wastewater.

scholarly journals Development of low pressure reverse osmosis membrane for desalination process

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽  
Al Dabbaas Khuzama Mansoor A ◽  
Nor Azirah Sulaiman ◽  
Nurul Hannan Mohd Safari ◽  
Sabariah Rozali
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Sds Surfactant

Water shortage has become a real problem at global level and therefore, new and innovative technologies were established to provide sustainable solutions to water crisis. One of the effective approaches to resolve the global challenges is introducing the membrane-based desalination. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a pressure driven membrane process which becoming increasingly popular and widely used for water purification applications that require high salt rejection such as brackish and seawater desalination. In this study, the influence of Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant in producing the finest membrane for desalination were investigated in terms of performance, morphological structure and molecular orientation. From a polymer blending of polysulfone (PSF)/N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were formulated for making of low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane. In order to examine the influence of SDS surfactant, different concentration from 0 wt% to 3 wt% were employed for desalination application of 10,000ppm (brackish water) and 50 000ppm (seawater). Experimental data showed that the increasing of 0.5wt% in surfactant produced higher pure water permeation (PWP) and flux. At 2.5wt% of SDS, the LPRO membranes showed the highest PWP of about 44.8L/m2h and brackish water flux at 45.58L/m2h. Meanwhile, at 3.0wt%, the highest flux of seawater at 39.37L/m2h was obtained. Moreover, the optimized LPRO (2wt% of SDS) membrane performed high rejection ratio of 90.9% for brackish water and 90.4% for seawater concentration of 10,000ppm and 50,000ppm, respectively. Therefore, the findings revealed that the fabricated LPRO membrane having a good potential to be used as eco-efficient desalination process of brackish water and seawater technology.

Development of PBIL low pressure brackish-water reverse osmosis membranes

Desalination ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 311-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Goldsmith ◽  
Barry A. Wechsler ◽  
Shigeyoshi Hara ◽  
Koh Mori ◽  
Yutaka Taketani
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

scholarly journals Enhanced modelling and experimental validation of ultra-Low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) membrane system for treatment of synthetic brackish water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saffa Syamimi Norizam ◽  
Mohd Azlan Hussain ◽  
Mohd Usman Mohd Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Feed Pressure ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Water Scarce

Abstract Water purification from brackish water sources has been acknowledged as one of the most promising ways in producing drinkable water in water-scarce areas. In this study, an ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) membrane was numerically and experimentally investigated to produce drinking water by the removal of sodium chloride salt which provides further validation of the model from a practical perspective. An enhanced predictive model based on Donnan-Steric Pore Model with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) incorporating the osmotic effects was formulated in process simulation. The feed pressure and concentration were optimized as input variables and interaction between them was observed, while salt rejection and water recovery rate were taken as response attributes. The results obtained on the ULPRO membrane showed that the performance depends on the charge, steric, and dielectric effects. Furthermore, the enhanced model was validated with the experimental data attained from a lab-scale filtration system with good accuracy in the salt rejection and water recovery results. Comparing the enhanced DSPM-DE with the existing solution diffusion model reveals that the enhanced model predicts the membrane performance better and thereby qualifies itself as a reliable model for desalination of brackish water using ULPRO membrane.

Analysis and calculation of the process of low-pressure reverse osmosis during recycling of hygienic water

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Leonid S. Bobe ◽  
Nikolay A. Salnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Cleaning Agent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pressure Channel

Analysis and calculation have been conducted of the process of low-pressure reverse osmosis in the membrane apparatus of the system for recycling hygiene water for the space station. The paper describes the physics of the reverse osmosis treatment and determines the motive force of the process, which is the difference of effective pressures (operating pressure minus osmotic pressure) in the solution near the surface of the membrane and in the purified water. It is demonstrated that the membrane scrubbing action is accompanied by diffusion outflow of the cleaning agent components away from the membrane. The mass transfer coefficient and the difference of concentrations (and, accordingly, the difference of osmotic pressures) in the boundary layer of the pressure channel can be determined using an extended analogy between mass transfer and heat transfer. A procedure has been proposed and proven in an experiment for calculating the throughput of a reverse osmosis apparatus purifying the hygiene water obtained through the use of a cleaning agent used in sanitation and housekeeping procedures on Earth. Key words: life support system, hygiene water, water processing, low-pressure reverse osmosis, space station.

scholarly journals Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal Solar System for Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 698 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Sutopo Purwono Fitri ◽  
Alam Baheramsyah ◽  
Agoes Santoso ◽  
Yudhi Satrio Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water
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