Behavioral effects of morphine and phencyclidine in rats: The influence of repeated testing before and after single treatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Van Ree ◽  
Anke Leys
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Before And After

Cutaneous Blood Flow in Legs with Severe Chronic Venous Insufficiency Recorded before and after a Single Treatment Using Intermittent Pneumatic Compression

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Malanin ◽  
P. J. Kolari ◽  
A. Haapanen ◽  
I. Helander ◽  
V. K. Havu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To investigate the skin laser Doppler flux (LDF) in legs with severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Design: Comparison of the legs with severe CVI with the healthy legs and with the patients' contralateral legs. Setting: Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Patients and control subjects: Ten patients and eight age-matched subjects with healthy legs. Interventions: A single treatment using intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) of 45 min duration. Main outcome measures: Laser Doppler flowmetry with the subjects in a recumbent and a sitting position. Results: The LDF values were higher for the legs with severe CVI than for the legs of healthy subjects ( p<0.001 in a recumbent and p<0.01 in a sitting position). A single IPC increased the LDF in a recumbent position in the patients' legs with severe CVI ( p=0.019) but had no significant effect on the LDF value in the sitting position. The venoarteriolar response was significantly better in the legs with severe CVI than in the legs of healthy subjects ( p<0.05). Conclusions: The LDF is increased in legs with severe CVI and a single IPC further increases it in a recumbent position. The venoarteriolar response is not impaired in legs with severe CVI.

Anticoagulation Effect and Safety Observation of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation for Double-Filtration Plasmapheresis in Critical Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
Xiaobei Peng ◽  
Xingmin Xie ◽  
Jun Yin ◽  
Saihong Yu ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regional Citrate Anticoagulation ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Citrate Anticoagulation ◽  
Double Filtration Plasmapheresis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Double Filtration

Introduction: Double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) is a semi-selective blood purification method based on dual filtration system. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is an appealing anticoagulation alternative in DFPP. However, there are still few reports on the safety of RCA in DFPP treatment. Objective: To investigate the anticoagulation effect and safety of RCA for DFPP in critical patients. Methods: A total of 34 critical patients treated with DFPP were retrospectively studied. The incidence of coagulation during extracorporeal circulation after single treatment was compared before and after treatment. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, blood routine indexes, blood gas analysis, peripheral ionic calcium (iCa), total peripheral calcium (TCa), TCa/iCa, and complications before and after single treatment were compared. The changes of transmembrane pressure, pressure drop were measured, and the indexes of coagulation before and after treatment were compared. Results: The blood coagulation <III class in plasma separator and vein ampulla after single DFPP procedure were 96.00 and 94.00%, respectively. There were no statistically significant changes regarding above parameters before and after treatment, except PH, base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3–), and TCa. Compared with pretreatment levels, PH, BE, and HCO3– were significantly increased at 5 min and 6 h after treatment (p < 0.05) and restored to the pretreatment levels at 24 h after treatment (p > 0.05). Level of TCa was significantly decreased at 5 min after treatment (p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference at 6 and 24 h (p > 0.05). No treatment-related serious complications were observed in any of the patients. Conclusions: For critical patients who underwent DFPP procedure, RCA is safety and had significant anticoagulation effects, which is worthy of clinical application.

Acute and Chronic Theophylline Therapy in Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849
Author(s):  
C. Warren Bierman ◽  
Gail G. Shapiro ◽  
William E. Pierson ◽  
Carol S. Dorsett
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Asthma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined the effectiveness of theophylline therapy in modifying exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in children with perennial asthma and evaluated whether tolerance to theophylline developed with prolonged use. Twenty-one children between 7 and 16 years of age were studied by a standardized treadmill exercise test carried out before administration of theophylline, 90 minutes after administration of theophylline, and again after three weeks of round-the-clock theophylline treatment. Changes in forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate were measured before and after each exercise test. Theophylline inhibited EIB in 20 of 21 subjects. There was considerable intersubject variation in the response to theophylline, however, ranging from complete inhibition in five subjects to no inhibition at all in one subject, even though theophylline controlled perennial asthma in all subjects, and all but one had theophylline levels between 10 and 22 µg/ml when tested. On repeated testing after three weeks of therapy, no tolerance developed to theophylline. These findings suggest that EIB and perennial asthma may result from different causes and that theophylline's ability to control asthma will not predict its effect on EIB. Subjects who have severe EIB should be retested after theophylline pretreatment to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

Primary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Prostate with Glandular Differentiation: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Lai ◽  
Ming Luo ◽  
Guanghui Hu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Local Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Of The Prostate ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

A 53-year-old man presented to our department with acute urinary retention and an approximate 8-year history of frequent urination, dysuria, poor urinary stream and nocturia. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values were normal (<4 ng/ml) upon repeated testing. The patient was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia, although there was no significant improvement in his symptoms after treatment with oral finasteride and doxazosin. He then underwent transurethral resection of the prostate in February 2013, and histopathological examination showed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. His treatment regimen included daily oral bicalutamide and subcutaneous injection of Zoladex once per month. Three months later, radical prostatectomy was performed, and a prostate histopathological examination indicated primary urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation. His PSA values were normal (<4 ng/ml) before and after the radical prostatectomy. After the second operation, the patient received chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Two months later, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated local tumor recurrence. The patient was treated with chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for 2 months, and subsequent MRI results showed that the recurrent tumor volume was significantly reduced. As a result, radiotherapy was stopped. The patient remains alive, and his general condition has clearly improved.

scholarly journals Respiratory cortical processing to inspiratory resistances during wakefulness in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio E. Tapia ◽  
Joseph M. McDonough ◽  
Jingtao Huang ◽  
Carole L. Marcus ◽  
Paul R. Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Processing ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have impaired respiratory afferent cortical processing during sleep that persists after treatment of OSAS. However, it is unknown whether this impairment is present during wakefulness and, if so, whether it improves after OSAS treatment. We hypothesized that children with OSAS, during wakefulness, have abnormal cortical processing of respiratory stimuli manifested by blunted respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREP) and that this resolves after OSAS treatment. We measured RREP during wakefulness in 26 controls and 21 children with OSAS before and after treatment. Thirteen participants with OSAS repeated testing 3–6 mo after adenotonsillectomy. RREP were elicited by interruption of inspiration by total occlusion and 30 and 20 cmH2O/l per s resistances. Nf at Fz latency elicited by occlusion was longer in children with OSAS at baseline compared with controls (78.8 ± 24.8 vs. 63.9 ± 19.7 ms, P = 0.05). All other peak amplitudes and latencies were similar between the two groups. After OSAS treatment, Nf at Fz latency elicited by 30 cmH2O/l per s decreased significantly (before, 88 ± 26 vs. after, 71 ± 25 ms, P = 0.02), as did that elicited by 20 cmH2O/l per s (85 ± 27 vs. 72 ± 24 ms, P = 0.004). The amplitude of N1 at Cz elicited by occlusion increased from −3.4 ± 5.6 to −7.4 ± 3 μV ( P = 0.049) after treatment. We concluded that children with OSAS have partial delay of respiratory afferent cortical processing during wakefulness that improves after treatment.

Hearing in the ferret (Mustela putorius): effects of primary auditory cortical lesions on thresholds for pure tone detection

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Kavanagh ◽  
J. B. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High Frequencies

1. Pure tone thresholds were determined for five adult male ferrets before and after bilateral ablation of primary auditory cortex. Complete audiograms ranging from 0.016 to 48 kHz were obtained for two animals. The remaining three animals were tested at five frequencies selected to assess hearing throughout the audible range (0.125, 0.5, 2.0, 8.0, and 32.0 kHz). 2. Shortly after surgery one animal had elevated thresholds across the entire frequency range with the most pronounced hearing loss above 12.0 kHz. Four other animals had no elevation of thresholds at low and midrange frequencies but suffered a hearing loss at very high frequencies (32 kHz). 3. Repeated testing over a period of several months revealed substantial recovery of sensitivity. There was complete recovery of sensitivity in the low- and middle-frequency range of the audiogram. Some hearing loss persisted at the extreme upper end of the audiogram (32 kHz), but in two cases there was evidence of recovery at this frequency as well. 4. Following determination of absolute thresholds all animals were assessed for their ability to localize sound in space. Minimum audible angles were obtained on midline as well as within both left and right hemifields, i.e., around 0, -60 and +60 degrees azimuth. All animals had severe and persistent deficits in their ability to localize brief sounds within the lateral fields, but were still capable of midline localization.

Renal Tubular Damage Evaluation through Enzyme Change Monitoring after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
G. Grasso Macola ◽  
G.L. Tonazzi ◽  
G. Gatti ◽  
S. Carpanp ◽  
V. Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Impact Wave ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enzyme Change ◽  
Electromagnetic Generator ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate a possible onset of “biological effects” following ESWL lithotripsy, the Authors measured urinary excretion levels of two enzymes, NAG and GGT. In fact, a rise in the levels of these enzymes is regarded as an early and sensitive sign of renal injury. Fourteen patients with no complicated renal lithiasis were selected; the enzymatic levels before and after a single treatment with Lithostar Plus, a lithotriptor supplied with an electromagnetic impact wave generator, were measured. The results show that a single treatment doesn't produce any significant variation in their excretion. These results were discussed and their significance analysed. Probably, they could be explained by the lower pressure produced in the focal area by the impact wave, due to an electromagnetic generator.

scholarly journals Influence of different polishing and aging periods on the surface roughness of composite resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e27310414305
Author(s):  
Ricardo Coelho Okida ◽  
Isis Almela Endo Hoshino ◽  
Lívia Patrícia Romanini ◽  
Amanda Maslen Fontes ◽  
Lara Maria Bueno Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the polishing period on surface roughness (Ra) before and after thermal aging in four composite resins - CR (Durafill VS, Vittra APS, Filtek Z350XT and Spectra Smart). This in vitro study evaluated: (1) CR in 4 levels; (2) polishing period (PP) in three levels (immediate, 7 and 14 days) and (3) artificial aging in two levels: without aging and after 10,000 cycles. For this, 240 CR specimens were allocated into 12 groups (n=20) according to PP with SofLex Pop On disks.  For Ra, 3 measurements on the top surface of each specimen were performed with a diamond tip and constant load of 4mN and 0.25mm/s. Next, the specimens were aged in thermocycling, with temperatures of 5° and 55°C, during 30 seconds in each temperature, and repeated testing afterwards. The data were submitted to statistical tests with 5% significance. The alteration in Ra was observed only in the late polishing in the period of 7 days, where the Durafill VS CR showed higher Ra in comparison to the other CRs. After thermocycling, the groups showed significant difference only with late polishing in the 21-day period; the nanoparticulated RCs (Z350XT˂Vittra APS) recorded the highest Ra values, followed by the microhybrid (DurafillVS) and nanohybrid (Spectra Smart) RCs, respectively. Thus, late polishing in the 7-day and immediate period provided higher Ra values, especially for the nanohybrid and microhybrid composite resins.

Christmas Tree Drawings before and after Christmas: A Re-Examination

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Roodin ◽  
Glen M. Vaught ◽  
William E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Before And After

41 8- and 9-yr.-old children drew pictures of either Christmas Trees or coffee cups 10 days before and 10 days after Christmas. Unlike previous studies, neither height, area, nor embellishment scores of the Trees decreased after Christmas; however, width increased. The coffee cup embellishment scores increased after Christmas but no other measures were significantly different. These data were interpreted as demonstrating an increase in motivation within the drawing session as a function of repeated testing, apart from the motivation aroused by “naturally motivated expectancies.”

scholarly journals Efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of Zelesse® for the treatment of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients: The NINESSE Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3583-3595
Author(s):  
Fátima García ◽  
Carmen-Amparo Rodríguez ◽  
María-Lourdes Palomo ◽  
Pere Català ◽  
Santiago Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Wash Solution ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of Zelesse®, an intimate hygiene wash solution, in the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients. Methods The NINESSE Study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study involving females aged 2–8 years who attended paediatric offices with symptoms suggestive of non-specific vulvovaginitis. They were administered Zelesse® as a single treatment for 15 ± 5 days. Pruritus, burning, dysuria, erythema, leucorrhoea and oedema were evaluated before and after treatment. Results A total of 71 paediatric patients were enrolled in the study (mean ± SD age, 4.5 ± 1.9 years). The most significant effects were observed for pruritus and burning, where 98.4% (62 of 63) and 96.9% (63 of 65) of the patients improved after treatment, respectively. Zelesse® demonstrated a beneficial effect on dysuria, erythema, leucorrhoea and oedema. The effects on the symptoms and signs were observed within the first week of treatment; although 44.9% (31 of 69) of patients experienced improvements after 2–3 days. Zelesse® was well accepted and tolerated by most patients. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions Zelesse® was very effective for the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis, in particular pruritus, burning and erythema, in females aged 2–8 years.

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