Lectin staining of trichostrongylid nematode eggs of sheep: Rapid identification of Haemonchus contortus eggs with peanut agglutinin

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Peanut Agglutinin ◽  
Lectin Staining ◽  
Nematode Eggs

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
Michaela Komáromyová ◽  
Michal Babják ◽  
Michaela Urda Dolinská ◽  
Alžbeta Königová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leucocephala protein extracts on Haemonchus contortus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Martins dos Santos Soares ◽  
Sandra Alves de Araújo ◽  
Suzana Gomes Lopes ◽  
Livio Martins Costa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Ovicidal Effects ◽  
Total Seed

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein extracts obtained from the plant Leucaena leucocephala on the nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. The seeds, shell and cotyledon of L. leucocephala were separated and their proteins extracted using a sodium phosphate buffer, and named as TE (total seed extract), SE (shell extract) and CE (cotyledon extract). Soluble protein content, protease, protease inhibitory and chitinase activity assays were performed. Exsheathment inhibition of H. contortus larvae were performed at concentrations of 0.6 mg mL–1, and egg hatch assays were conducted at protein concentrations of 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 mg mL–1. The effective concentration for 50% hatching inhibition (EC50) was estimated by probit. Different proportions of soluble proteins, protease and chitinase were found in TE and CE. Protease inhibitory activity was detected in all extracts. The EC50 of the CE and TE extracts were 0.48 and 0.33 mg mL–1, respectively. No ovicidal effects on H. contortus were detected in SE extracts, and none of the protein extracts demonstrated larvicidal effects on H. contortus. We therefore conclude that protein extracts of L. leucocephala had a detrimental effect on nematode eggs, which can be correlated with the high protease and chitinase activity of these extracts.

Availability to grazing sheep of gastrointestinal nematode infection arising from summer contamination of pastures

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Donald ◽  
FHW Morley ◽  
PJ Waller ◽  
A Axelsen ◽  
JR Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Clover Pasture

In two successive years, separate phalaris-subterranean clover pasture plots near Canberra were contaminated with nematode eggs by grazing with naturally infected sheep in each of the summer months (December, January, February) and the first month of autumn (March). At intervals until mid- to late winter, the availability of infection on pasture was estimated by grazing with worm-free 'tracer' lambs which were subsequently slaughtered for worm counts. Summer rainfall in both years was above average. Tracer counts of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus spp. per l08 eggs per hectare remained high during summer, with evidence that migration of larvae to the herbage could continue for at least 2 months after contamination. Rates of decline in tracer worm counts over the autumn and winter did not differ between years, and from an assumed maximum 2 months after contamination in each of the summer months, were fastest from December and slowest from February contamination. These rates were similar for all genera on December-contaminated plots, but on January and February plots, Ostertagia spp. declined more slowly. H. contortus numbers fell sharply in early autumn to be low by the end of May. By mid July there would be few larvae of all genera available on pastures contaminated in December and January, but this is less certain on February-contaminated pastures, especially for Ostertagia spp. Implications for the control of nematode infections in sheep by anthelmintic treatment and grazing management are considered.

Splicing Determines the Glycosylation State of Ameloblastin

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 962-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kobayashi ◽  
Y. Yamakoshi ◽  
J.C.-C. Hu ◽  
K. Gomi ◽  
T. Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Peanut Agglutinin ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Maclura Pomifera ◽  
Lectin Staining ◽  
Amino Acid Segment ◽  
Edman Sequencing

In developing porcine enamel, the space between enamel rods selectively binds lectins and ameloblastin (Ambn) N-terminal antibodies. We tested the hypothesis that ameloblastin N-terminal cleavage products are glycosylated. Assorted Ambn cleavage products showed positive lectin staining by peanut agglutinin (PNA), Maclura pomifera agglutinin (MPA), and Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA), suggesting the presence of an O-linked glycosylation containing galactose (Gal), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and sialic acid. Edman sequencing of the lectin-positive bands gave the Ambn N-terminal sequence: VPAFPRQPGTXGVASLXLE. The blank cycles for Pro11 and Ser17 confirmed that these residues are hydroxylated and phosphorylated, respectively. The O-glycosylation site was determined by Edman sequencing of pronase-digested Ambn, which gave HPPPLPXQPS, indicating that Ser86 is the site of the O-linked glycosylation. This modification is within the 15-amino-acid segment (73-YEYSLPVHPPPLPSQ-87) deleted by splicing in the mRNA encoding the 380-amino-acid Ambn isoform. We conclude that only the N-terminal Ambn products derived from the 395-Ambn isoform are glycosylated.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Multidrug Resistance of Strongyle Nematodes in Ordos Merino Sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledege Eye ◽  
Jiya Wuen ◽  
Xiuling He ◽  
Buhe Buyin ◽  
Ying Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Nematode Eggs

Abstract Background: Regular whole-flock treatments and long-term use of similar anthelmintics have led to the development of anthelmintic resistance and widespread epidemics of nematodiasis in sheep. This study was performed to understand the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in Ordos Merino sheep and evaluate the efficacy of currently used anthelmintics. Results: Between March 2017 and April 2019, a total of 4014 fresh fecal samples were collected from sheep, and fecal nematode eggs were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to understand the prevalence of sheep nematodiasis. The anthelmintic efficacy of currently used drugs was evaluated in naturally infected sheep. Severe infection by gastrointestinal nematodes was observed in the Ordos Merino sheep. The infection rates of the nematodes in 3 consecutive years were 84.3%, 36.9%, and 42.3%. Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus sp. were the predominant nematode species, with infection rates of 84.3% and 65.6%, respectively, in 2017. Moreover, these species had acquired high resistance to ivermectin, doramectin, albendazole, and levamisole; the fecal egg count reduction percentages were 6.9%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 79.0%, respectively, after a single administration. Nitroxynil and closantel showed strong anthelmintic efficacy against the predominant species Haemonchus contortus and other nematodes, but they had almost no effect on Nematodirus sp. Conclusions: The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in Ordos Merino sheep and their resistance to commonly used anthelmintics were comprehensively evaluated, and the drugs with high efficacy against the predominant species were identified. The findings of this study will provide a good foundation for the appropriate use of anthelmintics.

Modification and further evaluation of a fluorescein-labeled peanut agglutinin test for identification of Haemonchus contortus eggs

2010 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Jurasek ◽  
Janell K. Bishop-Stewart ◽  
Bobby E. Storey ◽  
Ray M. Kaplan ◽  
Michael L. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Peanut Agglutinin

In vitro assessment of Argemone mexicana, Taraxacum officinale, Ruta chalepensis and Tagetes filifolia against Haemonchus contortus nematode eggs and infective (L3) larvae

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Jasso Díaz ◽  
Glafiro Torres Hernández ◽  
Alejandro Zamilpa ◽  
Carlos Miguel Becerril Pérez ◽  
J. Efrén Ramírez Bribiesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

scholarly journals Helminth infections and hybridization between Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep from Santana do Livramento, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Alves de Almeida ◽  
César Cristiano Bassetto ◽  
Mônica Regina Vendrame Amarante ◽  
Ana Cláudia Alexandre de Albuquerque ◽  
Renan Zappavigna Costa Starling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Coenurus Cerebralis ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Male Sheep ◽  
Haemonchus Placei

Abstract The occurrence and intensity of helminth infections were evaluated in sheep from pastures shared with cattle. In 2015 and 2016, young male sheep acquired in Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were finished in integrated crop-livestock system. We selected the 12 sheep that showed the highest number of nematode eggs per gram of faeces to search for worms in the gastrointestinal tract. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were the major parasites. H. contortus presented mean intensities of 1,159 and 257 worms in 2015 and 2016, respectively. T. colubriformis displayed mean intensities of 4,149 and 2,427 worms in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Of the 127 male specimens of Haemonchus spp. analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), 125 were H. contortus, one Haemonchus placei and one hybrid. Other species detected were Cooperia punctata , Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia spatulata, Cooperia curticei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcincta , Trichostrongylus axei, Nematodirus spathiger , and Trichuris ovis. Twenty lambs presented cysts of Taenia hydatigena in the liver and mesentery. One lamb presented Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, in the brain. In conclusion, sheep from pasture shared with cattle presented a high diversity of nematode species. H. contortus and H. placei co-infection occur with consequent hybridization.

Endovascular management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissections

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Stephen Hofmeister ◽  
Matthew B. Thomas ◽  
Joseph Paulisin ◽  
Nicolas J. Mouawad
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Vascular Emergencies ◽  
Aortic Dissections

Abstract. The management of vascular emergencies is dependent on rapid identification and confirmation of the diagnosis with concurrent patient stabilization prior to immediate transfer to the operating suite. A variety of technological advances in diagnostic imaging as well as the advent of minimally invasive endovascular interventions have shifted the contemporary treatment algorithms of such pathologies. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the current state and future trends in the management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms as well as acute aortic dissections.

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