Podon polyphemoides Leuckart and Bosmina coregoni maritima (P. E. Müller) in relation to temperature and salinity in field studies and laboratory experiments

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ackefors
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bosmina Coregoni

Judgment Based Marketing Decision Models: Problems and Possible Solutions

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Chakravarti ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Richard Staelin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
Recent Laboratory

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the findings of two field studies and three recent laboratory experiments that assessed the efficacy of judgment based models in aiding marketing decision making. This analysis indicates factors that may affect the effectiveness of these models. The implications of the findings for users of judgment based marketing decision models as well as model builders are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research to improve the models’ effectiveness.

Towards a process-based model to predict dune erosion along the Dutch Wadden coast

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Ruessink ◽  
M. Boers ◽  
P.F.C. van Geer ◽  
A.T.M. de Bakker ◽  
A. Pieterse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Erosion Model ◽  
Dune Erosion

AbstractAn equilibrium dune-erosion model is used every six years to assess the capability of the most seaward dune row on the Dutch Wadden islands to withstand a storm with a 1 in 10,000 probability for a given year. The present-day model is the culmination of numerous laboratory experiments with an initial cross-shore profile based on the central Netherlands coast. Large parts of the dune coast of the Wadden islands have substantially different dune and cross-shore profile characteristics than found along this central coast, related to the presence of tidal channels, ebb-tidal deltas, beach-plains and strong coastal curvature. This complicated coastal setting implies that the predictions of the dune-erosion model are sometimes doubtful; accordingly, a shift towards a process-based dune-erosion model has been proposed. A number of research findings based on recent laboratory and field studies highlight only few of the many challenges that need to be faced in order to develop and test such a model. Observations of turbulence beneath breaking waves indicate the need to include breaking-wave effects in sand transport equations, while current knowledge of infragravity waves, one of the main sand transporting mechanisms during severe storm conditions, is strongly challenged by laboratory and field observations on gently sloping beaches that are so typical of the Wadden islands. We argue that in-situ and remote-sensing field observations, laboratory experiments and numerical models need to be the pillars of Earth Scientific research in the Wadden Sea area to construct a meaningful process-based dune-erosion tool.

scholarly journals Molecular composition of biogenic secondary organic aerosols using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry: comparing laboratory and field studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2155-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kourtchev ◽  
S. J. Fuller ◽  
C. Giorio ◽  
R. M. Healy ◽  
E. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Urban Sample ◽  
Kendrick Mass Defect ◽  
Resolution Mass

Abstract. Numerous laboratory experiments have been performed in an attempt to mimic atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, it is still unclear how close the aerosol particles generated in laboratory experiments resemble atmospheric SOA with respect to their detailed chemical composition. In this study, we generated SOA in a simulation chamber from the ozonolysis of α-pinene and a biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) mixture containing α- and β-pinene, Δ3-carene, and isoprene. The detailed molecular composition of laboratory-generated SOA was compared with that of background ambient aerosol collected at a boreal forest site (Hyytiälä, Finland) and an urban location (Cork, Ireland) using direct infusion nanoelectrospray ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Kendrick mass defect and van Krevelen approaches were used to identify and compare compound classes and distributions of the detected species. The laboratory-generated SOA contained a distinguishable group of dimers that was not observed in the ambient samples. The presence of dimers was found to be less pronounced in the SOA from the BVOC mixtures when compared to the one component precursor system. The molecular composition of SOA from both the BVOC mixture and α-pinene represented the overall composition of the ambient sample from the boreal forest site reasonably well, with 72.3 ± 2.5% (n = 3) and 69.1 ± 3.0% (n = 3) common ions, respectively. In contrast, large differences were found between the laboratory-generated BVOC samples and the ambient urban sample. To our knowledge this is the first direct comparison of molecular composition of laboratory-generated SOA from BVOC mixtures and ambient samples.

Research on the Purification Ability of Porous Asphalt Pavement to Runoff Pollution

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2439-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Chen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Urban Stormwater Management ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Pavement Structures

PAP has widely used in Europe, the U.S, and Japan. As an effective technology for urban stormwater management, PAP not only decreases stormwater volumes but also improves runoff water quality including heavy metals, suspended solids (SS) and nutrients. In addition, it help protects groundwater and urban environment. In this paper the current trends of investigating the purification ability of PAP are introduced. The characteristics, the pavement structures and materials are analyzed. The recent researches in field studies and laboratory experiments are highlighted. The present applications of and challenges to PAP are discussed. Further research needs are recommended.

scholarly journals A survey of lifespans in Oribatida excluding Astigmata (Acari)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS PFINGSTL ◽  
HEINRICH SCHATZ
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
As Species ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Change Of Life

This contribution provides an update on the duration of life cycles and lifespans of oribatid mites based on a literature review. The total lifespan is the sum of the immature developmental time (egg to adult) and the longevity of the adult. Most investigations were carried out in the laboratory, few were performed in the field, under field conditions and/or compared with field data. Many life cycles were investigated under different environmental influences. The life cycles of 144 oribatid species are listed. Compared with the total number of known oribatid species, this number is very low. Data for the total lifespan are given for 52 species, either from observations in the laboratory or estimated in comparison with field studies, but can only be guesses of the real lifespan. The typical lifespan of an oribatid species in temperate or boreal regions lasts between 1 and 2 years, rarely 3 years. The few investigated tropical species from laboratory experiments show generally faster development and shorter lifespans as species from temperate regions; no field studies have been carried out in the tropics yet. Long lifespan periods of 5 to 8 years are particularly characteristic of species in polar regions and in mountainous temperate regions. Some examples of species with different longevity in distinct climate regions, very long lifespans and change of life parameters under stressful laboratory conditions are presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document