Conceptual validity of a phenomenological classification of psychiatric patients

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Overall ◽  
J.Arthur Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients

Validity and Clinical Scale Comparisons between the MMPI and MMPI-2 with Psychiatric Inpatients

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley David Blake ◽  
Phillip M. Kleespies ◽  
Walter E. Penk ◽  
Suellen S. Walsh ◽  
DeAnna L. Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Clinical Scale ◽  
Acute Psychiatry ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

This study was designed to investigate the comparability of the original MMPI (1950) and the MMPI-2 (1989) with a psychiatric patient population. 34 male and 3 female patients, shortly after admission to one of two acute psychiatry units, completed the old and revised versions of the MMPI. Paired t tests indicated but scant differences for raw scores, while many more differences were found among T scores for validity, clinical, and supplemental scales. Analyses, however, showed all scales on the two forms to be highly correlated. Analysis of the high-point and two-point codes across the two administrations also showed relative stability, although the proportion of Scales 2 (Depression) and 8 (Schizophrenia) decreased, while those for Scales 6 (Paranoia) and 7 (Psychasthenia) increased markedly in the MMPI-2 protocols. Examination of each version's discriminability among mood- and thought-disordered subsamples suggested that the MMPI provides slightly better delineation between diagnostic classes. Discriminant function analyses showed that there were essentially no differences between the two forms in the accurate classification of clinical and nonclinical groups. The findings reported here provide support for the MMPI-2; despite modification, the newer form retains the advantages of the original MMPI. Differences found here may be unique to psychiatric patients and their patterns of MMPI/MMPI-2 equivalence and may not generalize to other special populations.

scholarly journals Machine learning for psychiatric patient triaging: an investigation of cascading classifiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Utkarsh Shrivastava ◽  
Lina Bouayad ◽  
Balaji Padmanabhan ◽  
Anna Ialynytchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Psychiatric Patient ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Classification Technique ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract Objective Develop an approach, One-class-at-a-time, for triaging psychiatric patients using machine learning on textual patient records. Our approach aims to automate the triaging process and reduce expert effort while providing high classification reliability. Materials and Methods The One-class-at-a-time approach is a multistage cascading classification technique that achieves higher triage classification accuracy compared to traditional multiclass classifiers through 1) classifying one class at a time (or stage), and 2) identification and application of the highest accuracy classifier at each stage. The approach was evaluated using a unique dataset of 433 psychiatric patient records with a triage class label provided by “I2B2 challenge,” a recent competition in the medical informatics community. Results The One-class-at-a-time cascading classifier outperformed state-of-the-art classification techniques with overall classification accuracy of 77% among 4 classes, exceeding accuracies of existing multiclass classifiers. The approach also enabled highly accurate classification of individual classes—the severe and mild with 85% accuracy, moderate with 64% accuracy, and absent with 60% accuracy. Discussion The triaging of psychiatric cases is a challenging problem due to the lack of clear guidelines and protocols. Our work presents a machine learning approach using psychiatric records for triaging patients based on their severity condition. Conclusion The One-class-at-a-time cascading classifier can be used as a decision aid to reduce triaging effort of physicians and nurses, while providing a unique opportunity to involve experts at each stage to reduce false positive and further improve the system’s accuracy.

Ethical Issues Arising in Revising Classifications of Mental Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
The World

The classification of mental disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) will be revised in the course of the next three years and its publication (as the 11th Revision of the ICD) will be published, after the approval of the World Health Assembly in 2014. In parallel, the American Psychiatric Association created a Task Force which has begun work on the proposals for the revision of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual which is to be published as the DSM 5th Revision, in 2012. The World Health Organization has established a special advisory group that should assist it in developing proposals for the classification of mental disorders for the 11th Revision of the ICD and this group collaborates closely with the APA Task Force creating the DSM5 proposals.Numerous ethical issues arise in this process and need to be discussed now so as to inform the process of agreeing on the proposals for the new classifications. They include the importance of an internationally accepted classification as a protection against abuses of psychiatric patients; the need to set the threshold for the diagnosis of a mental disorder at a level ensuring that people with such disorders receive help, the need to avoid imposition of diagnostic systems or categories without sufficient evidence and others. The presentation will briefly discuss the process of constructing the proposals for the new classifications and ways in which the groups established by the WHO and the APA handle these ethical questions.

scholarly journals ‘Military Munchausen's’: assessment of factitious claims of military service in psychiatric patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Baggaley
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Military Experience ◽  
Simple Classification ◽  
Post Traumatic

Thirteen per cent of referrals of ex-servicemen to a military psychiatric centre for the treatment of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a 12-month period have proved to be factitious. A simple classification of factitious combat-related PTSD into those with no military service and those with military service but with false claims of combat is described. The possible causes of this behaviour are discussed and a guide to the detection of factitious claims for psychiatrists without military experience is given.

On Developing a Psychiatric Multiaxial Schema for ICD-10

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (S1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Mezzich
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Experience ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Widespread Interest

As work proceeds on the development of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) widespread interest has been expressed in the preparation of a multiaxial diagnostic schema for psychiatric patients. In consideration of this task, the present paper briefly notes pertinent international experience on multiaxial diagnosis, the discernible purposes of this approach, design requirements, and a specific multiaxial proposal.

Comparing the Classification of Subjects by Two Independent Judges

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (535) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
The One ◽  
Type Of School ◽  
Classification Table

In a typical classification problem each subject in a sample of N subjects is allocated to one or other of k exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories. For example, a sample of families may be classified into social-class groupings in accordance with the Registrar General's classification based on the occupation of the father or father substitute. Or a sample of psychiatric patients may be classified into one or other of the diagnostic categories recommended by the W.H.O. Now it occasionally happens that the same sample of subjects is classified, for a given set of categories, independently by two different agents. For example in the Plowden Reports, Appendix 3 Table 29, a sample of children is classified into types of secondary school, Grammar, Comprehensive, Technical, etc., on the one hand according to the parent's ambition for their children and on the other hand according to the type of school in which the children were eventually placed. In situations such as the latter a k k classification table evolves in which, when the categories are arranged in the same order, the matches between the two separate classifications appear in the cells of the main diagonal of the table and the mismatches appear in the off-diagonal cells (see Table I below). The question then arises as to how to compare the two separate classifications and to measure in quantitative terms the degree of agreement between them.

Classification of Personality Disorder

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
John Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Personality Disordered

SummaryAn interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

Assessment of DSM–III–R Personality Disorders by Self-Report Questionnaire: the Role of Informants and a Screening Test for Co-morbid Personality Disorders (STCPD)

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dowson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Mean

A modified version of the revised Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ–R), based on DSM–III–R personality disorders (PDs), was completed by 60 psychiatric patients. An informant's version was also completed by 60 relatives or friends nominated by each subject. Discrete DSM–III–R PDs were rare; the mean number of PDs per subject was 4.5. Cluster analysis showed that only antisocial PD was a basis for classification of patients, while most patients formed two groups which were mainly distinguished by quantitative differences related to the total scores of positive PD criteria. A shorter version of the questionnaire can be used as a screening test for co-morbid PDs (STCPD) which can predict the number of co-morbid DSM–III–R PDs. The total scores of positive PD criteria from the STCPD were usually (and significantly) higher than the corresponding scores from informants' questionnaires but when an informant's total score exceeded that of the patient, this indicated a subject's under-reporting.

A pattern probability model for the classification of psychiatric patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Overall ◽  
Donald R. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Probability Model
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