Use of barrier materials to prevent infection around percutaneous implants

Barrier coatings are used in applications including food packaging, dry goods, and consumer products to prevent transport of different compounds either through or into paper and paperboard substrates. These coatings are useful in packaging to contain active ingredients, such as fragrances, or to protect contents from detrimental substances, such as oxygen, water, grease, or other chemicals of concern. They also are used to prevent visual changes or mechanical degradation that might occur if the paper becomes saturated. The performance and underlying mechanism depends on the barrier coating type and, in particular, on whether the barrier coating is designed to prevent diffusive or capillary transport. Estimates on the basis of fundamental transport phenomena and data from a broad screening of different barrier materials can be used to understand the limits of various approaches to construct barrier coatings. These estimates also can be used to create basic design rules for general classes of barrier coatings.

Download Full-text

Impact of Backbone Amide Substitution at the Meta- and Para-Positions on the Gas Barrier Properties of Polyimide

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2097

Author(s):

Qian Wen ◽

Ao Tang ◽

Chengliang Chen ◽

Yiwu Liu ◽

Chunguang Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transmission Rate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Polyimide Film ◽

Flexible Display ◽

Gas Barrier ◽

Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Display Technology ◽

Gas Barrier Properties

This study designed and synthesised a meta-amide-substituted dianiline monomer (m-DABA) as a stereoisomer of DABA, a previously investigated para-amide-substituted dianiline monomer. This new monomer was polymerised with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to prepare a polyimide film (m-DABPI) in a process similar to that employed in a previous study. The relationship between the substitution positions on the monomer and the gas barrier properties of the polyimide film was investigated via molecular simulation, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) to gain deeper insights into the gas barrier mechanism. The results showed that compared with the para-substituted DABPI, the m-DABPI exhibited better gas barrier properties, with a water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as low as 2.8 g·m−2·d−1 and 3.3 cm3·m−2·d−1, respectively. This was because the meta-linked polyimide molecular chains were more tightly packed, leading to a smaller free volume and lower molecular chain mobility. These properties are not conducive to the permeation of small molecules into the film; thus, the gas barrier properties were improved. The findings have significant implications for the structural design of high-barrier materials and could promote the development of flexible display technology.

Download Full-text

Contribution of top barrier materials to high mobility in near-surface InAs quantum wells grown on GaSb(001)

Physical Review Materials ◽

10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.014603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joon Sue Lee ◽

Borzoyeh Shojaei ◽

Mihir Pendharkar ◽

Mayer Feldman ◽

Kunal Mukherjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Wells ◽

High Mobility ◽

Near Surface ◽

Barrier Materials

Download Full-text

Nanotechnology in Food Packaging Applications: Barrier Materials, Antimicrobial Agents, Sensors, and Safety Assessment

Handbook of Ecomaterials ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_30 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 2035-2056

Author(s):

Mariana Pereda ◽

Norma E. Marcovich ◽

María R. Ansorena

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Barrier Materials

Download Full-text

Conductivity Behavior of Salt Deposits on the Surface of Engineered Barrier Materials for the Potential High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-824-cc1.4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 824 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lietai Yang ◽

Miriam R. Juckett ◽

Roberto T. Pabalan

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductance ◽

Yucca Mountain ◽

Nuclear Waste Repository ◽

Conductivity Measurements ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Salt Mixtures ◽

High Level Nuclear Waste ◽

Waste Repository ◽

High Level ◽

Conductivity Behavior

AbstractThe electrical conductance or conductivity of three salt mixtures, Na-K-Cl-NO3, Ca-K-Cl and Ca-Na-Cl, were measured at 25, 50 and 70°C [77, 122, and 158 °F] as a function of relative humidity (RH). Mutual deliquescence and efflorescence RH (MDRH and MERH) values were determined based on the conductivity measurements. It was found that the conductivity of the three salt mixtures started to increase at RH values that are approximately 40 % of their MDRH and increased by 1to 2 orders of magnitude just before reaching the MDRH. At the MDRH, a significant increase in conductivity was observed. The MDRH and MERH for the Ca-K-Cl and Ca-Na-Cl mixtures were found to be approximately 15 % in the temperature range of 50 to 70 °C [122 to 158 °F]. The MDRH and MERH for the Na-K-Cl-NO3system were found to be approximately 54 % at 50 °C [122 °F] and decreased significantly with an increase in temperature.

Download Full-text

Diffusion of Radionuclides in Brine-Saturated Backfill Barrier Materials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-15-735 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. J. Nowak

Keyword(s):

Sodium Titanate ◽

Distribution Coefficients ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Compacted Bentonite ◽

Metal Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Cells ◽

Linear Sorption ◽

Backfill Materials ◽

Cylindrical Diffusion ◽

Apparent Distribution

ABSTRACTThe diffusion of cesium(I), strontium(II), pertechnetate and europium in brine-saturated backfill materials was measured. Plastic diffusion cells containing cylindrical diffusion columns were used for low density backfill materials. The diffusion of gamma-emitters was followed by a gamma scanning technique. Metal diffusion cells constructed entirely from Hastelloy C-276 were used for the diffusion of pertechnetate in highly compacted bentonite. Apparent distribution coefficients calculated from diffusion data are (a) 0.02 m3 /kg for cesium(I) in 40 wt.% mordenite and 60 wt.% bentonite; (b) 0.04 m3/kg for strontium(II) in 10 wt.% sodium titanate and 90 wt.% bentonite; (c) 0.5 m3/kg for pertechnetate in 70 wt.% charcoal and 30 wt.% bentonite; and (d) 3 m3/kg for europium in 100% bentonite. Backfill effectiveness estimates based on batch sorption measurements were supported by these results;however, the diffusion results for europium did not agree well with a model for diffusion retarded by linear sorption. First measurements of pertechnetate diffusion in highly compacted bentonite suggest that anion exclusion may play a role in reducing mass transport rates of anions in this material. Needs for diffusion measurements that take into account site-specific materials interactions are described.

Download Full-text

Recent work in barrier materials and polyurethanes

Additives for Polymers ◽

10.1016/s0306-3747(98)90622-4 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 (8) ◽

pp. 7

Keyword(s):

Recent Work ◽

Barrier Materials

Download Full-text

Percutaneous Implants in the Temporal Bone for Securing a Bone Conductor: Surgical Methods and Results

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949910800602 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 108 (6) ◽

pp. 532-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Catharina T. M. van der Pouw ◽

Emmanuel A. M. Mylanus ◽

W. R. J. Cremers

Keyword(s):

Temporal Bone ◽

Surgical Methods ◽

Percutaneous Implants

Download Full-text

Research on Modified Atmosphere Packaging in Fresh Red Meat Product Marketing

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.351 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 351-355

Author(s):

Peng Zhao ◽

Lei Cao

Keyword(s):

Storage Temperature ◽

Operation Mode ◽

Meat Product ◽

Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽

Meat Products ◽

Red Meat ◽

Modified Atmosphere ◽

Mixed Gas ◽

Gas Barrier ◽

Barrier Materials

According to the national conditions in China, this article is aiming at introducing the application statues of the modified atmosphere packaging of the fresh red meat product. It has expounded in detail the product feature of the fresh red meat and the mechanization of retaining freshness in the way of the modified atmosphere packaging. From four aspects, this article analyzes the influencing factors of the fresh red meat, such as the proportion of mixed gas, gas barrier materials, meat splitting ways and the meat storage temperature. In accordance with the market sales environment, it has discussed the specific improvement operation mode in quality of meat, the handle ability and the effect of packing, as well as the problems which should be noticed in this process. At the end, it has look into the promising future in the modified atmosphere packaging of fresh red meat products.

Download Full-text

Interfacial Adhesion of Cu to Self-Assembled Monolayers on SiO2

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-695-l7.7.1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 695 ◽

Author(s):

G. Cui ◽

M. Lane ◽

K. Vijayamohanan ◽

G. Ramanath

Keyword(s):

Binding Energy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Adhesion Energy ◽

Binding Energies ◽

Self Assembled Monolayers ◽

Chemical Binding ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Assembled Monolayers ◽

Self Assembled

ABSTRACTAs the critical feature size in microelectronic devices continues to decrease below 100 nm, new barrier materials of > 5 nm thickness are required. Recently we have shown that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are attractive candidates that inhibit Cu diffusion into SiO2. For SAMs to be used as barriers in real applications, however, they must also promote adhesion at the Cu/dielectric interfaces. Here, we report preliminary quantitative measurements of interfacial adhesion energy and chemical binding energy of Cu/SiO2 interfaces treated with nitrogen-terminated SAMs. Amine-containing SAMs show a ~10% higher adhesion energy with Cu, while interfaces with Cu-pyridine bonds actually show degraded adhesion, when compared with that of the reference Cu/SiN interface. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements show that Cu-pyridine and Cu-amine interactions have a factor-of-four higher binding energy than that of Cu-N bonds at Cu/SiN interfaces. The lack of correlation between adhesion and chemical binding energies is most likely due to incomplete coverage of SAMs.

Download Full-text