The role of mendelian genetics in stragetic models on animal behaviour

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel M. Bomze ◽  
Peter Schuster ◽  
Karl Sigmund
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Mendelian Genetics

Key questions in zoo and aquarium studies: a study and revision guide

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Conservation Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Breeding ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract This 229-paged book discussed the role of zoos in a modern, environmentally conscious society. It does this by offering the reader the opportunity to answer 600 multiple-choice questions on a wide range of topics including zoo history, enclosure design, aquarium management, animal behaviour and welfare, zoo research, conservation breeding, zoo visitor behaviour, conservation medicine, zoo legislation and many more.

scholarly journals Impact of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation on wound healing, tumor growth and RACPP cleavage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina V. Hingorani ◽  
Csilla N. Lippert ◽  
Jessica L. Crisp ◽  
Elamprakash N. Savariar ◽  
Jonathan P.C. Hasselmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mammary Tumorigenesis ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
A Site

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2/-9) are key tissue remodeling enzymes that have multiple overlapping activities critical for wound healing and tumor progression in vivo. To overcome issues of redundancy, we created MMP-2/-9 double knockout (DKO) mice in the C57BL/6 background to examine wound healing. We then bred the DKO mice into the polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) model of breast cancer to analyze the role of these enzymes in tumorigenesis. Breeding analyses indicated that significantly fewer DKO mice were born than predicted by Mendelian genetics and weaned DKO mice were growth compromised compared with wild type (WT) cohorts. Epithelial wound healing was dramatically delayed in adult DKO mice and when the DKO was combined with the PyVmT oncogene, we found that the biologically related process of mammary tumorigenesis was inhibited in a site-specific manner. To further examine the role of MMP-2/-9 in tumor progression, tumor cells derived from WT or DKO PyVmT transgenic tumors were grown in WT or DKO mice. Ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides (RACPPs) previously used to image cancer based on MMP-2/-9 activity were used to understand differences in MMP activity in WT or knockout syngeneic tumors in WT and KO animals. Analysis of an MMP-2 selective RACPP in WT or DKO mice bearing WT and DKO PyVmT tumor cells indicated that the genotype of the tumor cells was more important than the host stromal genotype in promoting MMP-2/-9 activity in the tumors in this model system. Additional complexities were revealed as the recruitment of host macrophages by the tumor cells was found to be the source of the tumor MMP-2/-9 activity and it is evident that MMP-2/-9 from both host and tumor is required for maximum signal using RACPP imaging for detection. We conclude that in the PyVmT model, the majority of MMP-2/-9 activity in mammary tumors is associated with host macrophages recruited into the tumor rather than that produced by the tumor cells themselves. Thus therapies that target tumor-associated macrophage functions have the potential to slow tumor progression.

scholarly journals Role of etology in detecting environmental pollutants that affect changes in animal behaviour

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 485-490
Author(s):  
Marijana Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

A large number of chemical pollutants originating from industrial agricultural and urban through the direct or indirect disruption of endocrine gland and hormone function. That is why these pollutants are known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC). By disrupting endocrine function, the EDC change certain forms of animal behaviour. This is why a direct link can be established between etology, as a scientific discipline that studied the role, function, ontogenetic and evolutionary development of behaviour from the aspect of the animal's adaption to living conditions, and ecotoxicology. In this mutual connection, the role of etology is to identify changes in animal behaviour which will serve as the first bioindicator of the presence of EDC in a certain environment, and before the occurrence of organic changes that could have lethal consequences.

The role of ethology in animal welfare

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Kokocińska ◽  
Tadeusz Kaleta
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Economic Considerations

Knowledge of the behaviour of a species makes it possible to ensure the well-being of animals raised in farm conditions, because when we know the behavioural standard we can guarantee that at least the animals’ minimum needs will be met. Observation of animal behaviour is the first element in assessing their physical and psychological comfort. The main objective is to maximize production while at the same time maintaining animal welfare. However, this is often difficult and economic considerations come into conflict with the comfort and needs of the animals. The elements of knowledge of behaviour, in addition to ethology, i.e. the science dealing with animal behaviour, also include zoosemiotics and cognitive science, which explain of the occurrence of specific behaviours in terms of biology and physiology.

scholarly journals An ancient FMRFamide-related peptide–receptor pair induces defence behaviour in a brachiopod larva

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 170136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Thiel ◽  
Philipp Bauknecht ◽  
Gáspár Jékely ◽  
Andreas Hejnol
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Apical Lobe ◽  
Defence Behaviour ◽  
Trunk Musculature

Animal behaviour often comprises spatially separated sub-reactions and even ciliated larvae are able to coordinate sub-reactions of complex behaviours (metamorphosis, feeding). How these sub-reactions are coordinated is currently not well understood. Neuropeptides are potential candidates for triggering larval behaviour. However, although their immunoreactivity has been widely analysed, their function in trochozoan larvae has only been studied for a few cases. Here, we investigate the role of neuropeptides in the defence behaviour of brachiopod larvae. When mechanically disturbed, the planktonic larvae of Terebratalia transversa protrude their stiff chaetae and sink down slowly. We identified endogenous FLRFamide-type neuropeptides (AFLRFamide and DFLRFamide) in T. transversa larvae and show that the protrusion of the chaetae as well as the sinking reaction can both be induced by each of these peptides. This also correlates with the presence of FLRFamidergic neurons in the apical lobe and adjacent to the trunk musculature. We deorphanized the AFLRFamide/DFLRFamide receptor and detected its expression in the same tissues. Furthermore, the ability of native and modified FLRFamide-type peptides to activate this receptor was found to correspond with their ability to trigger behavioural responses. Our results show how FLRFamide-type neuropeptides can induce two coherent sub-reactions in a larva with a simple nervous system.

scholarly journals The Role of BMI1 in Late-Onset Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Ryan Hogan ◽  
Anthony Flamier ◽  
Eleonora Nardini ◽  
Gilbert Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sporadic Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Bmi1 Expression

Late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) seems to contain a “hidden” component that cannot be explained by classical Mendelian genetics, with advanced aging being the strongest risk factor. More surprisingly, whole genome sequencing analyses of early-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease cohorts also revealed that most patients do not present classical disease-associated variants or mutations. In this short review, we propose that BMI1 is possibly epigenetically silenced in LOAD. Reduced BMI1 expression is unique to LOAD compared to familial early-onset AD (EOAD) and other related neurodegenerative disorders; moreover, reduced expression of this single gene is sufficient to reproduce most LOAD pathologies in cellular and animal models. We also show the apparent amyloid and Tau-independent nature of this epigenetic alteration of BMI1 expression. Lastly, examples of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic dysregulation of other LOAD-related genes are also illustrated.

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