Maryland vs Michigan vs Minnesota: Another look at the relationship of expectancy and goal difficulty to task performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Mento ◽  
Norman D. Cartledge ◽  
Edwin A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Goal Difficulty ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate during the Working Memory Delay Period Predicts Task Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Ortega ◽  
Chelsea Reichert Plaska ◽  
Bernard A Gomes ◽  
Timothy M Ellmore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) has been found to be a non-invasive indirect measure of striatal dopamine activity. Dopamine (DA) neurons project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) through the mesocortical dopamine pathway and their activity is implicated in a range of cognitive functions, including attention and working memory (WM). The goal of the present study was to understand how fluctuations in sEBR during different phases of a working memory task relate to task performance. Across two experiments, with recordings of sEBR inside and outside of a magnetic resonance imaging bore, we observed sEBR to be positively correlated with WM performance during the WM delay period. Additionally we investigated the non-linear relationship between sEBR and WM performance, and modeled a proposed Inverted-U-shape relationship between DA and WM performance. We also investigated blink duration, which is proposed to be related to sustained attention, and found blink duration to be significantly shorter during the encoding and probe periods of the task. Taken together, these results provide support towards sEBR as an important correlate of working memory task performance. The relationship of sEBR to DA activity and the influence of DA on the PFC during WM maintenance is discussed.

Subordinate-oriented strengths-based leadership and subordinate job performance: the mediating effect of supervisor–subordinate guanxi

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1118
Author(s):  
He Ding ◽  
Enhai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to examine the association of subordinate-oriented strengths-based leadership (SSBL) with subordinates’ job performance (task performance and innovative behavior) as well as the meditating role of supervisor–subordinate guanxi (SSG) in these relationships.Design/methodology/approachSelf-report data on SSBL, SSG, task performance and innovative behavior were gathered from 642 Chinese employees working in various Chinese enterprises. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results indicated that SSBL is positively related to subordinates’ job performance (task performance and innovative behavior). Furthermore, SSG partially mediated the relationship of SSBL with task performance and with innovative behavior.Originality/valueThis study is the first to empirically examine the relationship of SSBL with job performance. In addition, this study adds to the knowledge on the SSBL–job performance linkage by investigating the mediational effect of SSG on the relationship.

Gender-Related Personality Attributes and Reaction to Success/Failure: An Examination of Mediating Variables

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Welch ◽  
Meg Gerrard ◽  
Aletha Huston
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Group Success ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Personality

The effects of success and failure on task performance, and attributions about performance, were compared for high and low instrumental college women. For the high instrumental group, success facilitated task performance, whereas failure had no debilitating effect; for the low instrumental group, success had no effect on subsequent performance, whereas failure interfered with it. High instrumental women attributed their success primarily to internal factors and their failures to external tactors (the “egotistical” attribution profile), whereas low instrumentar women revealed the opposite profile. The gender-appropriateness of the task had little effect on performance or attribution. Four potential mediators of these differences were investigated: self-esteem, perceived ability, expectancy of success, and attainment value. High-instrumental women's higher perceived ability and performance expectations accounted for their superior task performance, but none of the four mediators accounted for the relationship of instrumentality to attributions.

Division of Attention: The Single-Channel Hypothesis Revisited

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Gladstones ◽  
Michael A. Regan ◽  
Robert B. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Two experiments are reported in which subjects performed two forced-paced serial reaction time tasks separately and together at their maximum sustainable rates of information processing. Experiment 1 investigated the effects on the relationship between single- and dual-task performance of using tasks with the same or different input and output modality characteristics; an additional condition tested the effects on this relationship of using tasks with higher S–R compatibility. Experiment 2 investigated the effects on the relationship between single- and dual-task performance of varying information load (number of S–R alternatives). No significant differences were found in subjects’ capacities to process information in single- and dual-task conditions. This finding was unaffected by: (a) the absolute information levels of the tasks, (b) whether inputs and/or outputs involved the same or different modalities, or (c) the level of S–R compatibility. The data from both experiments provide strong support for the single-channel hypothesis.

A Cross-Level Examination of the Relationship of Strengths-Based Human Resource System With Employee Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110373
Author(s):  
He Ding ◽  
Enhai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Strengths Use ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Human Resource System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Given the great significance of employees’ strengths to employees’ optimal functioning, strengths-based human resource (HR) system has gradually reaped HR researchers’ attention. However, to date, there remains a lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of strengths-based HR system. Therefore, this article aimed to bridge the gap in the literature by empirically testing the cross-level relationships between strengths-based HR system, employee strengths use, and supervisor-rated employee performance (i.e., task performance and innovative behavior). Data from 205 employees working in 56 organizations in China were collected at three points in time from different sources. The results of multilevel path analysis showed that strengths-based HR system has a positive relationship with employee strengths use, and employee strengths use is positively related to supervisor-rated employee task performance and innovative behavior. More importantly, strengths-based HR system had a positive relationship with employee task performance and innovative behavior via employee strengths use.

Patterns of Conservation Acquisition and the Relationship of Conservation to Intelligence for Children of Low Income

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara H. Wasik ◽  
John L. Wasik
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
Conservation Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The acquisition pattern of conservation tasks of the Concept Assessment Kit—Conservation (Kit) and its relationship to intelligence was determined for 105 children, ages 6 to 8 yr., from low-income backgrounds. The acquisition pattern of these children was similar to that demonstrated by the standardization sample of the Concept Assessment Kit—Conservation. The comparison of interrelationships of tasks, intelligence and age of the subjects and children of middle income indicated less differentiation in task performance between tasks for the low-income sample. Conservation performance correlated significantly and positively with age and with 1Q; for older children only, conservation performance was related within age to IQ.

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