Large intensity changes of the non-dipole field during a polarity transition

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Prévot
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Field ◽  
Large Intensity ◽  
Polarity Transition ◽  
Intensity Changes

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of H2O2-Stimulated Three-Dimensional Human Skin Models Containing Asian, Black, and Caucasian Melanocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Morita ◽  
Sota Takanezawa ◽  
Akira Date ◽  
Shin Watanabe ◽  
Yasushi Sako
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Large Intensity ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Dermal Cells ◽  
Human Skin Models

Reactive oxygen species generated in dermal cells of human skin is related to skin disorders or diseases. In this study, Raman analysis effectively clarified the identities of three types of human skin models after the models were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide. With the Caucasian skin model, the major Raman bands underwent large intensity changes within 4-5 days of stimulation. With the Black skin model, the Raman bands remained almost unchanged. The changes in the Asian skin model were unique compared to those in the above two. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are probably the main compounds that differentiate dermal cells in terms of their sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide.

Impact of Secondary Eyewall Heating on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change*

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaqiong Zhou ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xuyang Ge ◽  
Tim Li
Keyword(s):  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Large Intensity ◽  
Cyclone Intensity ◽  
Storm Intensity ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Intensity Weakening

Abstract The primary goal of this study is to explore the factors that might influence the intensity change of tropical cyclones (TCs) associated with secondary eyewall replacement. Concentric eyewall structures in TCs with and without large intensity weakening are compared using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 2A12 and 2A25 data. It is found that the secondary eyewalls with a stratiform-type heating profile show a marked weakening, while those TCs with a convective-type heating weaken insignificantly or even intensify. This observed feature is supported by a set of sensitivity numerical experiments performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. With more active convection, the latent heat released in the outer eyewall and moat region can better sustain storm intensity. The prevailing stratiform precipitation results in low equivalent potential temperature air in the moat and reduces the entropy of the boundary layer inflow to the inner eyewall through persistent downdrafts, leading to a large intensity fluctuation. Comparison of observations and numerical model results reveals that the model tends to overproduce convective precipitation in the outer eyewall and the moat. It is possible that the model underestimates the storm intensity changes associated with eyewall replacement events.

scholarly journals Effect of Mid-Latitude Jet Stream on the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones Affecting Korea: Observational Analysis and Implication from the Numerical Model Experiments of Typhoon Chaba (2016)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Gunwoo Do ◽  
Hyeong-Seog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Jet Stream ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Large Intensity ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Secondary Circulations ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Numerical Model Experiments ◽  
Upper Level Jet

The effect of the jet stream on the changes in the intensity of tropical cyclones (TC) affecting Korea is discussed. We classified the TCs into three categories based on the decreasing rate of TC intensity in 24 h after TC passed 30° N. The TCs with a large intensity decrease had a more vigorous intensity when the TCs approached the mid-latitudes. The analysis of observational fields showed that the strong jet stream over Korea and Japan may intensify TCs by the secondary circulations of jet entrance but induces a large decrease in TC intensity in the mid-latitudes by the strong vertical wind shear. We also performed the numerical simulation for the effect of the jet stream on the intensity changes of Typhoon Chaba (2016). As a result, the stronger jet stream induced more low-level moisture convergence at the south of the jet stream entrance, enhancing the intensity when the TC approached Korea. Furthermore, it induced a rapid reduction in intensity when TC approached in the strong jet stream area. The results suggest that the upper-level jet stream is one of the critical factors modulating the intensity of TC affecting Korea in the vicinity of the mid-latitudes.

Transverse Zeeman effect for ions in uniaxial crystals

1976 ◽  
Vol 352 (1668) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Spectrum ◽  
Zeeman Effect ◽  
Approximate Symmetry ◽  
Crystal Axis ◽  
Large Intensity ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Point Groups

The theory of the Zeeman effect for ions in crystals at sites of uniaxial symmetry has been developed for intra-configuration transitions with the external magnetic field H perpendicular to the crystal axis c . Variations in the axial optical spectrum that occur when the crystal is rotated about c are described in terms of the types A and B of the upper and lower states involved in the transition. Large intensity changes can occur for ions at sites of D 4 , C 4v or D 2d symmetry for those transitions that appear only in the σ spectrum. Analogous variations can only take place for D 6 , C 6v and D 3h in those cases where H is sufficiently large to mix neighbouring crystal-field states. Other uniaxial point groups are considered as cases of approximate symmetry. The theory is developed with particular reference to U 5+ in zircon, to CoCs 3 Cl 5 , and to the rare-earth ethylsulphates.

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