The relationship of hypercholesterolemia to atherosclerosis with particular emphasis on familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, obstructive jaundice, myxedema, and the nephrotic syndrome

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is still increasing in number in the future. Type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) often appears in adults and the cause is due to a shortage of the hormone insulin on a relative basis, generally appears slowly and gradually worsens. One of the parameters to control blood sugar level is HbA1c. The high HbA1c increases the risks and complications in T2DM patients. This study aimed to obtain the relationship between HbA1c level and GFR among T2DM patients. This was an analytical study using the patient's medical record data. This study was conducted at the Endocrine Clinic and Heart and Hypertension Clinic with a total samples of 65 patients. The results showed that of the 65 subjects, there were 40 male patients and 25 female patients. The Pearson correlation test showed that the relationship of the HbA1c level and GFR had a p value = 0.05 > 0.462 and the correlation r = 0.093. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between HbA1c level and GFR in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: HbA1c, GFR, type 2 DM Abtsrak: Diabetes merupakan suatu penyakit tidak menular yang akan terus meningkat jumlahnya di masa datang. Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) sering muncul pada orang dewasa dan penyebabnya oleh karena kekurangan hormon insulin secara relatif , umumnya muncul perlahan dan secara bertahap akan bertambah berat. Salah satu parameter kontrol kadar gula darah ialah HbA1c. Jika HbA1c meningkat terjadi pula peningkatan resiko komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar HbA1c dengan eLFG pada pasien DMT2. Jenis penelitian ini analitik dengan mengevaluasi data rekam medik pasien. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Endokrin dan Poliklinik Jantung dan Hipertensi dengan jumlah subyek penelitian 65 pasien DMT2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 65 orang subjek terdapat 40 laki-laki dan 25 perempuan. Untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kadar HbA1c dengan LFG digunakan analisis bivariat Pearson correlation yang mendapatkan nilai p hitung = 0,462> 0,05 dengan kekuatan korelasi r = 0,093. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar HbA1c dengan eLFG pada pasien DM tipe 2.Kata kunci: HbA1c, eLFG, DM tipe 2

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Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Duration with The Occurrence of Erectile Dysfunction at Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I

Indonesian Andrology and Biomedical Journal ◽

10.20473/iabj.v2i1.45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Alexander Petra Sihite ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Pramesemara ◽

I Wayan Surudarma

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that characterized by high blood sugar levels. This condition is often not noticed immediately and usually patient starting to realize it when complications have been occurred. A long-term complication of type 2 DM that occurred in men is erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is a condition when a person is unable to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse. One factor that influence the occurrence of ED and its severity in type 2 DM patients is the duration of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of type 2 DM duration and the occurrence of ED. Methods: This study is an observational analytic cross-sectional study conducted at the Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Denpasar Barat I. The research data was obtained through medical record data and fill the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire on 36 type 2 DM patients aged around 40-60 years. The statistical analysis used was Fisher's exact test. Results: The results showed that of the 36 samples, 19 (52.8%) samples had type 2 DM <24 months and 17 (47.2%) samples had type 2 DM >24 months. It was found that 5 (13.9%) samples did not experience ED while the rest experienced ED with different severity. There was a significant relationship between the type 2 DM duration and the occurrence of erectile dysfunction at Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Study has found that type 2 DM patients with the longer duration (>24 months) have a higher occurrence of ED and tended to be more severe compared to those with shorter duration (<24 months). Further studies should be performed with higher number of patients and more controlled risk factor so it will be more accurate in determining the relationship between the duration of type 2 DM and ED.

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The relationship of vitamin D with compensation of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ◽

10.22141/2224-0721.14.4.2018.140184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 323-327

Author(s):

Yu.A. Titova ◽

K.V. Misura ◽

N.O. Kravchun

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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The relationship of molecular genetic to clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia in a Danish population

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 180 (1) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

Dorte Damgaard ◽

Mogens L. Larsen ◽

Peter H. Nissen ◽

Jesper M. Jensen ◽

Henrik K. Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Danish Population ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Relationship of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4737064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhenliu Zhu ◽

Fengying Zhang ◽

Yunxia Liu ◽

Shuqin Yang ◽

Chunting Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Until now, the relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) was controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to obtain definitive conclusion on this topic. Relevant articles were searched on databases of Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the relationship of OSA with risk of DR.I2andPvalue were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity.I2≥ 50% orP<0.05indicated significant heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of pooled results. Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s regression analysis were adopted to assess publication bias. 6 eligible studies were selected in the present meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that OSA was significantly associated with increased risk of DR (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.49–2.72). Subgroup analysis based on type of diabetes mellitus suggested that OSA was related to DR in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that pooled results were robust. No significant publication bias was observed (P=0.128). The results indicate that OSA is related to increased risk of DR.

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: factual or factoid?

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.69 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

Thiago Quinaglia ◽

Daniela C. Oliveira ◽

José Roberto Matos-Souza ◽

Andrei C. Sposito

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

SUMMARY Although long ago described, there is no established consensus regarding the real existence of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (CMPDM). Due to its complex pathophysiology, it has been difficult for clinical and experimental research to establish clear connections between diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF), as well as to solve the mechanisms of the underlying myocardial disease. However, the epidemiological evidence of the relationship of these conditions is undisputed. The interest in understanding this disease has intensified due to the recent results of clinical trials evaluating new glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors 2, which demonstrated favorable responses considering the prevention and treatment of HF in patients with DM. In this review we cover aspects of the epidemiology of CMPDM and its possible pathogenic mechanisms, as well as, present the main cardiac phenotypes of CMPDM (HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction) and implications of the therapeutic management of this disease.

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