Relevance of micro- and mesocosm experiments for studying soil ecosystem processes

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Teuben ◽  
H.A. Verhoef
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments

scholarly journals Assessing soil ecosystem processes – biodiversity relationships in a nature reserve in Central Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 424 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tancredi Caruso ◽  
Edith C. Hammer ◽  
Stefan Hempel ◽  
Josef Kohler ◽  
E. Kathryn Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Soil Ecosystem

scholarly journals Foraging activity by the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) as a mechanism for soil turnover

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie E. Valentine ◽  
Hannah Anderson ◽  
Giles E. StJ. Hardy ◽  
Patricia A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function ◽  
Australian Marsupial

Mammals that forage for food by biopedturbation can alter the biotic and abiotic characteristics of their habitat, influencing ecosystem structure and function. Bandicoots, bilbies, bettongs and potoroos are the primary digging marsupials in Australia, although most of these species have declined throughout their range. This study used a snapshot approach to estimate the soil turnover capacity of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus, Shaw 1797), a persisting digging Australian marsupial, at Yalgorup National Park, Western Australia. The number of southern brown bandicoots was estimated using mark–recapture techniques. To provide an index of digging activity per animal, we quantified the number of new foraging pits and bandicoot nose pokes across 18 plots within the same area. The amount of soil displaced and physical structure of foraging pits were examined from moulds of 47 fresh foraging pits. We estimated that an individual southern brown bandicoot could create ~45 foraging pits per day, displacing ~10.74 kg of soil, which extrapolates to ~3.9 tonnes of soil each year. The digging activities of the southern brown bandicoots are likely to be a critical component of soil ecosystem processes.

Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments

<em>Abstract</em>.—Stream fishes can have strong top-down and bottom-up effects on ecosystem processes. However, the dynamic nature of streams constrains our ability to generalize these effects across systems with different disturbance regimes and species composition. To evaluate the role of fishes following disturbance, we used a series of field and mesocosm experiments that quantified the influence of grazers and water column minnows on primary productivity, periphyton structure, organic matter pools, and invertebrate communities following either scouring floods or drying of prairie streams. Results from individual experiments revealed highly significant effects of fishes, but the direction or magnitude of effects varied among experiments. Meta-analyses across experiments indicated that grazers consistently reduced the relative amount of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) and chironomid abundance within 2 weeks after disturbances. However, effect sizes (log response ratios) were heterogeneous across experiments for algal biomass and algal filament lengths measured more than 4 weeks after a disturbance and potentially associated with system productivity and grazer densities. A similar analysis of 3–4 experiments using water column minnows only found a consistent trend of decreasing FBOM in fish treatments relative to controls when measured less than 2 weeks after disturbances and increase in gross primary productivity measured more than 4 weeks after disturbance. These results, along with those of others, were used to develop a conceptual framework for predicting the potential role of fishes in streams following disturbances (flood and drying). Both theoretical and empirical research shows that recovery of stream ecosystem processes will depend on the resilience of autotrophic and heterotrophic communities following disturbance. Fish effects may vary among functional groups but are generally predicted to be greatest during early stages of succession when algal and invertebrate communities are less complex and their biomass is low relative to fish biomass. Our analysis underscores the context dependency of consumer effects on ecosystem structure and function in nonequilibrium conditions and suggests that factors regulating fish densities and colonization of algal and invertebrate taxa need to be evaluated to predict the consequences of biodiversity loss in streams with variable or human-modified disturbance regimes.

scholarly journals Subordinate plants mitigate drought effects on soil ecosystem processes by stimulating fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1578-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Mariotte ◽  
Bjorn J. M. Robroek ◽  
Vincent E. J. Jassey ◽  
Alexandre Buttler
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Drought Effects

Ecosystem processes related to wood decay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Marcot
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Ecosystem Processes

Soil ecosystem functioning under climate change: plant species and community effects

Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kardol ◽  
Melissa A. Cregger ◽  
Courtney E. Campany ◽  
Aimee T. Classen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Community Effects ◽  
Soil Ecosystem

Agroforestry systems in the Colombian Amazon improve the provision of soil ecosystem services

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 103933
Author(s):  
Leonardo Rodriguez ◽  
Juan Carlos Suárez ◽  
Mirjam Pulleman ◽  
Lised Guaca ◽  
Adrian Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Ecosystem Services ◽  
Colombian Amazon

scholarly journals The Influence of Ocean Acidification and Warming on DMSP & DMS in New Zealand Coastal Water

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Alexia D. Saint-Macary ◽  
Neill Barr ◽  
Evelyn Armstrong ◽  
Karl Safi ◽  
Andrew Marriner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Higher Temperature

The cycling of the trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) may be affected by future ocean acidification and warming. DMSP and DMS concentrations were monitored over 20-days in four mesocosm experiments in which the temperature and pH of coastal water were manipulated to projected values for the year 2100 and 2150. This had no effect on DMSP in the two-initial nutrient-depleted experiments; however, in the two nutrient-amended experiments, warmer temperature combined with lower pH had a more significant effect on DMSP & DMS concentrations than lower pH alone. Overall, this indicates that future warming may have greater influence on DMS production than ocean acidification. The observed reduction in DMSP at warmer temperatures was associated with changes in phytoplankton community and in particular with small flagellate biomass. A small decrease in DMS concentration was measured in the treatments relative to other studies, from −2% in the nutrient-amended low pH treatment to −16% in the year 2150 pH and temperature conditions. Temporal variation was also observed with DMS concentration increasing earlier in the higher temperature treatment. Nutrient availability and community composition should be considered in models of future DMS.

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