Spore germination and ribosomal activity in the rust fungi I. Comparison of a bean rust fungus and a culturable wheat rust fungus

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Staples ◽  
Z. Yaniv ◽  
W.R. Bushnell
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Wheat Rust ◽  
Ribosomal Activity

An evalution of the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin in rust fungi and rust-infected tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2575-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G. W. Kaminskyj ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Reactive Component ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Fungus Growth

The growth of the bean rust and cowpea rust fungi was examined in cultivars of French bean and cowpea using light microscopy and the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin. Comparison of the results indicated that the chitin assay did not detect changes in vegetative growth but only detected substances present in mature and developing urediospores. Examination of urediospores indicated that the reactive component(s) was hexosamine, probably glucosamine, but not chitin. The presence of strongly reactive substances in the urediospores, and the apparent low level of chitin in vegetative mycelium compared with that in the mycelium of the commercial mushroom, suggest that this chitin assay is of little value in estimating rust fungus growth in infected plant tissue.

Euphysothrips: an Old World genus of Thripidae (Thysanoptera) associated with rust fungi (Pucciniales)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4532 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE A. MOUND
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wheat Rust

Fungus-feeding is common amongst members of the family Phlaeothripidae that live on dead branches and leaves (Dang et al. 2014). In contrast, associations with fungi are rare amongst the common thrips of the family Thripidae that live in flowers and on leaves. In this family, two species from Africa in the genus Craspedothrips are reported to be associated with the rust fungus, Hemileia vastatrix, on the leaves of coffee plants (Mound et al. 2012), although there are no reports of direct feeding by the thrips on the fungus. However, the two known species of the Asian genus Euphysothrips have been observed to feed on the spores of rust fungi at widely separated localities. One of these, fungivora, was described by Ramakrishna (1928) in the genus Anaphothrips, and he reported this thrips as feeding on “rust” on wheat plants at Coimbatore, India. Ananthakrishnan (1969: 5) subsequently referred to this species as “feeding on the spores of wheat rust, Puccinia graminis”. The second species of Euphysothrips was described by Ramakrishna and Margabandhu (1939) as a new genus and species, Megaphysothrips subramanii, from Mysore in southern India. These authors stated that this thrips was found feeding on coffee rust, and a similar feeding association on coffee was reported from Timor in 1967, when specimens of subramanii were submitted for identification to the Natural History Museum, London. In Timor Leste during August 2018, adults and larvae of subramanii were found commonly on the leaves of coffee plants. The thrips were living only on the reddish-pink patches of Hemileia vastatrix fungus (Fig. 6), and not freely exploring the rest of the leaf surface. Both adults and larvae were difficult to see on these patches of fungus, because each individual was noted to carry a covering of coloured spores. This pinkish covering was shed only when an individual was disturbed by attempts to collect them with a small brush. There was no evidence of feeding damage to the coffee leaves by the thrips, and it appears that subramanii is probably dependent on the rust fungus for its nourishment. 

Comparative analysis of proteins of Uromyces phaseoli var. typica, U. phaseoli var. vignae, and U. viciae-fabae: polypeptide mapping by two-dimensional electrophoresis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2144-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Kim ◽  
Michèle C. Heath ◽  
R. Rohringer
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Polypeptide Patterns ◽  
Uromyces Phaseoli

Proteins were extracted from urediospores of the bean rust fungus (Uromyces phaseoli var. typica: two isolates), of the cowpea rust fungus (U. phaseoli var. vignae; two isolates), and of the faba bean rust fungus (U. viciae-fabae; one isolate) and separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. The two isolates of the cowpea rust fungus had identical polypeptide patterns; the two isolates of the bean rust fungus differed by 19 polypeptides. The polypeptide patterns of the bean rust, cowpea rust, and faba bean rust fungi differed markedly from each other. There were 277 polypeptides detected in extracts of the faba bean rust fungus, while more than 335 polypeptides were detected in extracts of each isolate of the other two fungi. While U. phaseoli var. typica and U. phaseoli var. vignae shared 183 polypeptides, U. viciae-fabae had only 149 and 146 polypeptides, respectively, in common with the other two rust fungi. This is consistent with the view that the two varieties of U. phaseoli are more closely related to each other than to U. viciae-fabae. However, when all detected polypeptides were compared, the differences between the two varieties were as extensive as those found between species. It is suggested, therefore, that the designation, by some mycologists of the cowpea rust fungus as a separate species, U. vignae, is correct.

Interactions of the bean rust and cowpea rust fungi with species of the Phaseolus–Vigna plant complex. II. Histological responses to infection in heat-treated and untreated leaves

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice F. Elmhirst ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Related Species ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Heat Treated

A comparison of the histological responses of species within the Phaseolus–Vigna plant complex to single isolates of the bean and cowpea rust fungi revealed that no particular response was restricted to any plant taxonomic group, although species differed in the proportion of infection sites at which a particular response was exhibited. Related species did not always show similar frequencies of responses and sometimes there were differences between different genotypes within a nonhost species. In host and nonhost species, preinoculation heat treatment commonly inhibited prehaustorial defenses and delayed the death of the invaded cell. Growing fungal colonies subsequently developed in many species, even those considered nonhosts, particularly if they exhibited a high frequency of prehaustorial defenses in untreated leaves. It is argued that a lack of heat-induced colony formation is a sign of parasite-specific resistance, which most likely evolved only in originally susceptible plants. Consequently, the data suggest that the bean rust fungus has had a long association with American species of the complex and that extant nonhost species may have evolved from susceptible ancestors. In contrast, the cowpea rust fungus appears to have had little evolutionary contact with these American species and may not be as closely related to the bean rust fungus as originally thought.

scholarly journals Isolates of Uromyces appendiculatus with Specific Virulence to Landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris of Andean Origin

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Sandlin ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Carlos M. Araya ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Specific Virulence

Five isolates of the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus were shown to be specifically virulent on bean genotypes of Andean origin. This specificity was demonstrated by the virulence of five pairs of isolates on a differential set of 30 Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Each isolate pair was from a different country in the Americas and consisted of one Andean-specific isolate and one nonspecific isolate. Of the differential P. vulgaris landraces, 15 were of Middle American origin and 15 were of Andean origin. The Andean-specific rust isolates were highly virulent on Andean landraces but not on landraces of Middle American origin. Rust isolates with virulence to Middle American landraces were also generally virulent on Andean material; no truly Middle American-specific isolates were found. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the rust isolates also distinguished the two groups. Four of the Andean-specific rust isolates formed a distinct group compared to four of the nonspecific isolates. Two of the isolates, one from each of the two virulence groups, had intermediate RAPD banding patterns, suggesting that plasmagomy but not karyogamy occurred between isolates of the two groups.

scholarly journals Virulence surveillance of wheat black stem rust fungus

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Wheat Rust

General survey for wheat rust diseases in Iraqi fields was done during the seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The survey covered different fields in southern, middle and northern regions. Results of the first season indicated that most of Iraqi cultivars such as Tmmoze2, IPA 99 and Mexipak showed different types of susceptibility to both yellow and leaf rust infection. Disease severity increased when the conditions were favorable for infections with using susceptible cultivars. The severity of leaf rust was less in the north region comparing with the middle and south regions. Most of the introduced cultivars such as Sham6 and Cimmyto showed susceptible reaction to yellow and leaf rust. Yellow rust was in epiphytotic form at the Iraqi-Syrian-Turkish triangle where the disease severity was 100%. Low disease severity of stem rust was observed on some cultivars (1-5%), except for the cultivar Mexipak which showed 40%S in Najaf. Rusts at season of 2011 were restricted mostly in Baghdad and the yellow rust was dominant. The AUDPC of 15 wheat cultivars showed that Sawa and Sali were highly susceptible to the three types of rusts while Babil113 and Tamoze2 were resistant. No rusts were detected at season 2012.

Rapid global spread of two aggressive strains of a wheat rust fungus

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 3818-3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOGENS S. HOVMØLLER ◽  
AMOR H. YAHYAOUI ◽  
EUGENE A. MILUS ◽  
ANNEMARIE F. JUSTESEN
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Wheat Rust

Increased Lipoxygenase Activity is Involved in the Hypersensitive Response of Wheat Leaf Cells Infected with A virulent Rust Fungi or Treated with Fungal Elicitor

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Ocampo ◽  
Bruno Moerschbacher ◽  
Hans J. Grambow
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Lipoxygenase Activity ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Compatible Interaction ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Wheat Rust

The hypersensitive reaction in incompatible wheat-rust interactions is characterized by an increase in lipoxygenase activity detectable as early as 28 h after penetration of the pathogen. In contrast, lipoxygenase activity in the compatible interaction did not increase until the onset of sporulation.Lipoxygenase activity also increased following treatment of wheat leaves with an elicitor fraction from germ tubes of Puccinia graminis tritici.

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