Anterior pituitary development: Short tales from dwarf mice

Cell ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Voss
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Dwarf Mice

The pituitary adrenocorticotropes originate from neural ridge tissue in Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Eagleson ◽  
Bruce G. Jenks ◽  
A. P. van Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Preoptic Region ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
Nucleus Infundibularis ◽  
Tube Closure

A series of grafting experiments was conducted to determine pituitary origins prior to brain tube closure in Xenopus laevis. Extirpation experiments indicated that the ventral neural ridge (VNR) tissue of stage-18+ embryos was essential for pituitary development. Bolton–Hunter reagent was used to label stage-18+ VNR tissue with 125I, and this tissue was then returned to the donor and its subsequent ontogenesis followed. Labelled tissue was ultimately found in the ventral hypothalamus, the ventral retina, and the anterior pituitary. Using immunocytochemical techniques with antisera to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), it was found that some of the VNR-derived cells were corticotropes. A region of the nucleus infundibularis which was radioactive labelled also gave ACTH-positive immunoreaction. This might indicate that some ACTH containing neurones of the hypothalamus are VNR in origin. We suggest that stage-18+ VNR is the site of attachment of brain and anterior pituitary ectoderm. Part of this adherence point is eventually incorporated into the anterior pituitary and will form corticotropes. It is concluded that the ventral retina, the preoptic region of the hypothalamus, some hypothalamic ACTH-immunoreactive cells, and the most anterior portion of the adenohypophysis are all ventral neural ridge in origin.

Lhx4 and Prop1 are required for cell survival and expansion of the pituitary primordia

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (18) ◽  
pp. 4229-4239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori T. Raetzman ◽  
Robert Ward ◽  
Sally A. Camper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Show Evidence

Deficiencies in the homeobox transcription factors LHX4 and PROP1 cause pituitary hormone deficiency in both humans and mice. Lhx4 and Prop1 mutants exhibit severe anterior pituitary hypoplasia resulting from limited differentiation and expansion of most specialized cell types. Little is known about the mechanism through which these genes promote pituitary development. In this study we determined that the hypoplasia in Lhx4 mutants results from increased cell death and that the reduced differentiation is attributable to a temporal shift in Lhx3 activation. In contrast, Prop1 mutants exhibit normal cell proliferation and cell survival but show evidence of defective dorsal-ventral patterning. Molecular genetic analyses reveal that Lhx4 and Prop1 have overlapping functions in early pituitary development. Double mutants exhibit delayed corticotrope specification and complete failure of all other anterior pituitary cell types to differentiate. Thus, Lhx4 and Prop1 have critical, but mechanistically different roles in specification and expansion of specialized anterior pituitary cells.

Transcriptional control during mammalian anterior pituitary development

Gene ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse J Savage ◽  
Benjamin C Yaden ◽  
Parinda Kiratipranon ◽  
Simon J Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Pituitary Development

scholarly journals The protein activator of protein kinase R, PACT/RAX, negatively regulates protein kinase R during mouse anterior pituitary development

FEBS Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (24) ◽  
pp. 4766-4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Dickerman ◽  
Christine L. White ◽  
Patricia M. Kessler ◽  
Anthony J. Sadler ◽  
Bryan R. G. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Protein Kinase R ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Protein Activator

scholarly journals Deletion of OTX2 in neural ectoderm delays anterior pituitary development

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda H. Mortensen ◽  
Vanessa Schade ◽  
Thomas Lamonerie ◽  
Sally A. Camper
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Neural Ectoderm

scholarly journals Pro239Ser: A Novel Recessive Mutation of the Pit-1 Gene in Seven Middle Eastern Children with Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Thyrotropin Deficiency1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2079-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Pernasetti ◽  
Robert D. G. Milner ◽  
Abdullah A. Z. Al Ashwal ◽  
Francis de Zegher ◽  
Viviana M. Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Tsh Deficiency

Pit-1, a member of the POU-homeo domain protein family, is one of the transcription factors responsible for anterior pituitary development and pituitary-specific gene expression. Here, we describe seven children with GH, PRL, and TSH deficiency from three, reportedly unrelated, Middle Eastern families, harboring a newly recognized Pro->Ser recessive mutation in codon 239 of the Pit-1 gene. The mutated residue is located at the beginning of the second α-helix of the POU-homeodomain and is strictly conserved among all POU proteins. The Pro239Ser mutant binds DNA normally but is unable to stimulate transcription.

Primary Site of Gene Action Anterior Pituitary Dwarf Mice

Science ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 131 (3403) ◽  
pp. 829-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Carsner ◽  
E. G. Rennels
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Dwarf Mice

scholarly journals Changes in Gene Expression during Pituitary Morphogenesis and Organogenesis in the Chick Embryo

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz ◽  
Stacy E. Higgins ◽  
Tom E. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Excellent Model ◽  
Functional Development

The anterior pituitary gland plays an important role in the regulation of many physiological processes. Formation of Rathke's pouch (RP), the precursor of the anterior pituitary, involves evagination of the oral ectoderm in a multi-step process regulated by cell interactions, signaling pathways, and transcription factors. Chickens are an excellent model to study development because of the availability of large sample sizes, accurate timing of development, and embryo accessibility. The aim of this study was to quantify mRNA expression patterns in the developing chicken anterior pituitary to evaluate the chicken embryo as a model for mammalian pituitary development. The expression profiles of 16 genes differentially expressed in RP and neuroectoderm were determined in this study. Among these, Pitx1, Pitx2, and Hesx1 mRNA levels were high on embryonic days (e) 2.5 to e3 in RP and decreased during development. Expression of Pit1 and Tbx19 mRNA in RP reached the highest levels by e7 and e6.5, respectively. Levels of glycoprotein subunit α mRNA increased beginning at e4. FGF8 mRNA showed the highest expression at e3 to e3.5 in neuroectoderm. BMP2 showed slight decreases in mRNA expression in both tissues during development, while Isl1 and Noggin mRNA expression increased in later development. Taken together, we present the first quantitative transcriptional profile of pituitary organogenesis. Our results will help further understanding of the functional development of this gland. Moreover, because of the high similarity in gene expression patterns observed between chicken and mouse, chickens could serve as an excellent model to study genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying pituitary development.

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