TSM Relative importance of information sources used by travel opinion leaders

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Relative Importance

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Canadian Gastroenterology: Resluts of a Survey of Canadian Gastroenterology Trainees

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Malhotra ◽  
Clifford A Ottaway
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
National Meeting ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Bioethical Education

BACKGROUND:Specialty-specific bioethical education is a mandated component of gastroenterology training programs in Canada, but no gastroenterology-specific bioethical curriculum is available.PURPOSE:To assess the relative importance of a variety of bioethical issues to the practice of gastroenterology.METHOD:A convenience sample of Canadian gastroenterology residents and staff was surveyed at a national meeting for Canadian gastroenterology trainees. They were asked to indicate their opinions of the relative importance of 24 different bioethical issues in their practice of gastroenterology.RESULTS:Respondents made distinctions in the relevance of different bioethical issues to the practice of gastroenterology and there was substantial concordance in the rankings indicated by residents and staff. Truth telling, consent and the capacity to give consent, and consent with regard to specific endoscopic procedures were ranked by both residents and staff as most important to their practice of gastroenterology. In contrast, the issue of euthanasia and assisted suicide was ranked near the bottom of the list by both residents and staff. The results differ in some respects from the key ethical questions identified by opinion leaders in gastroenterology.INTERPRETATION:Gastroenterology residents and staff identify some topics as much more relevant than others to the practice of gastroenterology. It is proposed that this can provide a framework for developing a gastroenterology-specific bioethical curriculum, and that there is an important opportunity for developing a joint program through collaboration among gastroenterology training programs across Canada.

scholarly journals Analyzing the communicative strategies of Egyptian political influencers: content and discourse analyses of Twitter accounts

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Maha Abdulmajeed ◽  
Rasha El-Ibiary
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Communicative Strategy

The advantages of social media platforms as interactive information sources raise the importance of examining how they are used by political digital opinion leaders to influence public perceptions. Twitter, especially, played a major role in Egypt’s January 25 revolution facilitating news dissemination, public discussions and debates. Analyzing the communicative strategies of two Egyptian political influencers –Ammar Ali Hassan and Ezzedine Fishere– ten years after Egypt’s political change, and the role they play in public discourse through their Twitter accounts, this research offers an overview of the current role played by Egyptian digital political influencers in influencing public opinion. Focusing on the content and discourse of their tweets for two months, October and November 2019, the digital political influencers were selected based on the number of followers divided by the amount of interactivity on their tweets, such as retweets and favorites. The unit of analysis is the tweet that received the largest amount of interactivity. Results showed that both influencers had a unidirectional opinion strategy. While Hassan’s tweets, @ammaralihassan, seemed purposeless, not yielding any clear and valuable content to the reader, Fishere, @FishereEzzedine, was more outspoken and clearer in his communicative strategy, using evidence in defending human rights in Egypt and the Arab World. The analysis indicated more fact-based tweets by Fishere, who seems to play a more significant role in his communication network, despite minimal interaction.

scholarly journals Paternal care effects outweigh gamete-mediated and personal environment effects during the transgenerational estimation of risk in fathead minnows

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Meuthen ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Alloparental Care ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Risk Environment

Abstract Background Individuals can estimate risk by integrating prenatal with postnatal and personal information, but the relative importance of different information sources during the transgenerational response is unclear. The estimated level of risk can be tested using the cognitive rule of risk allocation, which postulates that under consistent high-risk, antipredator efforts should decrease so that individual metabolic requirements can be satisfied. Here we conduct a comprehensive study on transgenerational risk transmission by testing whether risk allocation occurs across 12 treatments that consist of different maternal, paternal, parental care (including cross-fostering) and offspring risk environment combinations in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, a small cyprinid fish with alloparental care. In each risk environment, we manipulated perceived risk by continuously exposing individuals from birth onwards to conspecific alarm cues or a control water treatment. Using 2810 1-month old individuals, we then estimated shoaling behaviour prior to and subsequent to a novel mechanical predator disturbance. Results Overall, shoals estimating risk to be high were denser during the prestimulus period, and, following the risk allocation hypothesis, resumed normal shoaling densities faster following the disturbance. Treatments involving parental care consistently induced densest shoals and greatest levels of risk allocation. Although prenatal risk environments did not relate to paternal care intensity, greater care intensity induced more risk allocation when parents provided care for their own offspring as opposed to those that cross-fostered fry. In the absence of care, parental effects on shoaling density were relatively weak and personal environments modulated risk allocation only when parental risk was low. Conclusions Our study highlights the high relative importance of parental care as opposed to other information sources, and its function as a mechanism underlying transgenerational risk transmission.

scholarly journals Information search and media usage amongst adolescent Sowetons

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rousseau ◽  
S. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Buying Behaviour

This study investigates the buying behaviour of black adolescents in Soweto, with the aim of uncovering underlying trends which may be characteristic of other urban black teenagers. Specific objectives included investigating information search and media usage for confectionery products amongst black adolescents in Soweto. Data were gathered from a sample of 641 school children by means of administered questionnaires. Results indicate that urban black adolescents are relatively sophisticated consumers giving preference to consumer-dominated information sources (friends) though market-dominated sources (T.V. advertising) were also regarded as important. The findings also highlight the potential power of the influence of opinion leaders on adolescent buying behaviour as well as the importance of reaching them in advertising campaigns.Opsomming Hierdie studie ondersoek die koopgedrag van Swart adolessente in Soweto ten einde onderliggende tendense wat verteenwoordigend van ander Swart stedelike tieners mag wees, te identifiseer. Spesifieke doelstellings sluit in die ondersoek van inligtinginwinningsaktiwiteite en mediagebruik by lekkergoedaankope onder Swart adolessente in Soweto. Data is ingewin van 'n steekproef van 641 skoliere met behulp van vraelyste. Bevindinge toon dat stedelike Swart adolessente relatief gesofistikeerde verbruikers is wat voorkeur verleen aan verbruikersdominante inligtingsbronne (vriende) hoewel markdominante bronne (T.V. advertensies) ook ‘n belangrike rol speel. Die bevindinge beklemtoon ook die potensiële invloedsmag van opinieleiers in adolessente koopgedrag en die noodsaaklikheid om hulle in reklameveldtogte te bereik.

How Dependent Are Consumers on Others When Making Their Shopping Decisions?

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nakayama ◽  
Yun Wan ◽  
Norma Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Credence Goods ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Web Access ◽  
The Web

Consumers now have a variety of shopping information sources online and offline in making purchase decisions. How has the Web changed the perceptions of consumers regarding the relative importance of different shopping information sources? Applying the attribution principle and the least effort principle, the authors hypothesize the relative importance of self-evaluation and three types of recommendations from others (word-of-mouth or WOM, expert opinion, and electronic WOM or eWOM). The data collected from 549 consumers show that the perceived importance of WOM remains equal to or even higher than that of self-evaluation for credence goods (product quality unknown even after purchase and use) and the so-called digital goods without Web access. However, the importance of self-evaluation increases when consumers have both Web access and non-Web sources of shopping information. The Web appears to make self-evaluation by consumers more important than inputs from others.

Valuing information for sewer replacement decisions

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter van Riel ◽  
Jeroen Langeveld ◽  
Paulien Herder ◽  
François Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Comparative Judgment ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Replacement Decisions ◽  
Common Framework

Decision-making for sewer asset management is partially based on intuition and often lacks explicit argumentation, hampering decision transparency and reproducibility. This is not to be preferred in light of public accountability and cost-effectiveness. It is unknown to what extent each decision criterion is appreciated by decision-makers. Further insight into this relative importance improves understanding of decision-making of sewer system managers. As such, a digital questionnaire (response ratio 43%), containing pairwise comparisons between 10 relevant information sources, was sent to all 407 municipalities in the Netherlands to analyse the relative importance and assess whether a shared frame of reasoning is present. Thurstone's law of comparative judgment was used for analysis, combined with several consistency tests. Results show that camera inspections were valued highest, while pipe age was considered least important. The respondents were pretty consistent per individual and also showed consistency as a group. This indicated a common framework of reasoning among the group. The feedback of the group showed, however, the respondents found it difficult to make general comparisons without having a context. This indicates decision-making in practice is more likely to be steered by other mechanisms than purely combining information sources.

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