The persistence of gender stereotypes in the face of changing sex roles: Evidence contrary to the sociocultural model

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd B. Lueptow ◽  
Lori Garovich ◽  
Margaret B. Lueptow
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Sociocultural Model ◽  
The Face

Funny Women: Social Change and Audience Response to Female Comedians

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Humor Appreciation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Women's Humor

It is generally acknowledged that gender stereotypes have hindered the development and recognition of women's humor. In the face of rapid expansion of opportunities for women in the comedy field, previous social science analyses may be obsolete. The present researcher assessed response to male and female comedians in the mid-1970s and again in the early 1980s. Comparison of results revealed considerable change in contemporary evaluations of women comedians, whose ratings now equal those of male comics. As both men and women showed enhanced appreciation for comedians of their own gender, it is suggested that reference groups and social perception provide a basis for understanding the role exerted on humor appreciation by gender.

scholarly journals Facial Impressions Are Predicted by the Structure of Group Stereotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762110242
Author(s):  
Sally Y. Xie ◽  
Jessica K. Flake ◽  
Ryan M. Stolier ◽  
Jonathan B. Freeman ◽  
Eric Hehman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group Memberships

Impressions of other people’s faces (e.g., trustworthiness) have long been thought to be evoked by morphological variation (e.g., upturned mouth) in a universal, fixed manner. However, recent research suggests that these impressions vary considerably across perceivers and targets’ social-group memberships. Across 4,247 U.S. adults recruited online, we investigated whether racial and gender stereotypes may be a critical factor underlying this variability in facial impressions. In Study 1, we found that not only did facial impressions vary by targets’ gender and race, but also the structure of these impressions was associated with the structure of stereotype knowledge. Study 2 extended these findings by demonstrating that individual differences in perceivers’ own unique stereotype associations predicted the structure of their own facial impressions. Together, the findings suggest that the structure of people’s impressions of others’ faces is driven not only by the morphological variation of the face but also by learned stereotypes about social groups.

The Gender Gap in Wages

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
Jane Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

Explanations of the gender pay gap and related labor market segregation remain fiercely debated. On the one side are those economic historians who take a primarily neoclassical view, in which competition among workers and employers eliminates wage differences that do not reflect productivity and occupational segregation that is not the outcome of choice. Persistent discrimination must reflect anticompetitive institutions, for instance, trade unions. A corollary of the neoclassical perspective is that markets are liberating, freeing agents, including women, from cultural stereotypes and ensuring that they get paid what they are worth, although of course this need not imply wage equality if there are gender differences in productivity. On the other side are those cultural historians who interpret wage differences as reflecting custom and, as far as women are concerned, the cultural deprecation of women's work, while occupational segregation represents gender stereotypes of fit work for women. In this view, socially and culturally constructed gender identities can influence market outcomes, producing discrimination in wages and work that persists even in the face of competitive forces.

The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Voting for Women Candidates by Level and Type of Office

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dolan ◽  
Timothy Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Male Stereotypes ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The U.S

Previous research has documented that the public often views women candidates through the lens of gender stereotypes. However, as much of this work draws on experimental designs and hypothetical candidates, we have less information about whether and how voters employ stereotypes in the face of real candidates for office. This project examines one important aspect of the impact of stereotypes on the fate of actual women candidates: whether gender stereotypes have a different influence on elections for different levels and types of offices. Previous research suggests that voters are more likely to apply male stereotypes and evaluate candidates differently as the level of office increases and as we consider executive versus legislative office. The research reported here draws on new data that capture voter attitudes and behaviors in real-world elections to test a series of hypotheses related to when and how gender stereotypes affect candidates for the U.S. Congress and governorships. In general, we find little evidence to support claims that voters stereotype women candidates differently when they seek different kinds of offices.

scholarly journals Do regional gender and racial biases predict gender and racial biases in social face judgments?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
DongWon Oh ◽  
Alexander Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
The Face ◽  
Trait Impressions

Trait impressions from faces are more simplified for women than men. This bias stems from gender stereotypes; when strong stereotypes exist for a group of faces (e.g., of women’s or Blacks’), they are evaluated more positively/negatively when they fit/violate the stereotypes, making the impressions simpler (i.e., more one-dimensional). In this preregistered study, using trait impression ratings of faces collected from various world regions (+11,000 participants in 48 countries), scores of implicit associations (+18,000 and +212,000 participants in +200 countries), and mixed-effects models, we ask (1) whether simplified facial impressions are found for women and Blacks across regions and (2) whether the regional level of stereotypes about genders and races is correlated with the level of simplification in the face-based impressions of women and Blacks, respectively. The results were not coherent across analyses. The interpretation of the results and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Judging fairness in the face of gender stereotypes

2014 ◽  
pp. 168-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey J. Hilliard ◽  
Lynn S. Liben
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Some aspects of gender inequality in selected African literary texts

Literator ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Kwatsha
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
African Writers

This article focuses on gender inequalities in selected African literary texts. I explore the way in which some African writers view gender inequalities and stereotypes in their characters. We will also be able to see who is involved and affected by these gender inequalities and how. Gender theory will be used as a framework. The aspects of gender that are discussed, include gender stereotypes, gender roles, gender identity, the superiority of men, inequality in polygamous marriages, sex roles, the sexual division of labour and arranged marriage. This study will also include the views of writers from other part of Africa. These views have a lot in common but sometimes they vary because of the influence and different ideologies of the society concerned.

Priestesses of Art

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-126
Author(s):  
Laurie McManus
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Religious Rhetoric ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Music Criticism ◽  
Repertoire Selection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Primordial Life

This chapter delves into the largely unexplored intersections of gender stereotypes and art-religious rhetoric in music criticism. It introduces case studies on the priestesses of art—and champions of Brahms’s compositions—Clara Schumann and Amalie Joachim, showing how for these performers, repertoire selection and performativity influenced the creation of motherly priestesses. In the context of nineteenth-century discourses on gender and sex roles, intensified by the nascent women’s rights movement, we encounter a paradox of the pure style: Priestesses were invested with a kind of natural sensual authority that was suited only to women as primordial life-givers. This analysis establishes a more nuanced gendered context for understanding the priestly rhetoric and its criticism.

scholarly journals Reconceptualization of Gender Relations in Saeed’s Amal Unbound and Rao’s Girls Burn Brighter

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Asif ◽  
Nimra Zafar ◽  
Tahreem Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
The Face ◽  
Objectification Of Women ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines gender relations in Saeed's 'Amal Unbound' and Rao's 'Girls Burn Brighter. The basic aim of this study is to review the existing patriarchal norms that exploit women. This comparative analysis seeks to offer a postmodern feminist worldview by redefining and reconceptualizing women's status, explaining their strengths, and granting them subject status. This study questions the concepts of rationality that perpetuate normative gender stereotypes and demands a brand new way of conceptualizing truth by breaking down the categories. It challenges the authorities, stereotypes, icons, and sexist values. Both texts that are examined in this study are set in the backdrop of the socio-cultural milieu of Pakistan and India. By presenting the cultures of two different countries, an effort has been put in to reconsider gender relations as a means of resistance. It reflects on the relationship between women and the environment and recognizes women's steadfastness in the face of oppression. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to undo patriarchal male coercion and explore the reasons for the continued proliferation of conscious and unconscious objectification of women.

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