The problem of defining the women’s status in sugar-refining industry: “woman” – “half-worker” – “worker” (on an example of sugar factories of Kyiv province, 1880s–1900s)

This article regards the problem of defining the women’s status in the sugar-refining industry of the Russia Empire post-reform period. Based on the cases of sugar factories of Kyiv province during the 1880s–1905s, the author illustrates a complicated process of determining the role and the place of female laborers in the professional structure of industrial institutions which relate to this type of industry. Due to the fact that women had been recruited to unqualified parts of the working class (in the majority of cases), they remained at the bottom of the hierarchy of industrial labor. In contrast to men-laborers, who were distributed by the qualification parameter and professional skill (qualified/unqualified labor force), women-laborers were distributed by the gender parameter. Based on the archival materials of the factory inspection funds and in-factory documentation, it was found that working women were most often identified into the category “women” (“zhenschina”), less often as “part-time workers” (“polurabochaya”), and even less often as “workers” (“rabochaya”). It is possible to say that such division differed significantly from the distribution among the male part of the working class (“rabochiy/polurabo- chiy”). After all, a woman working in an industrial space was generally perceived not as a full-fledged unit of labor but as a supplement to qualified male labor. However, the model proposed by the author of this study: “woman” – “semi-worker” – “worker”, opened a different angle, according to which a woman’s professional position was not clearly fixed and could de facto change, regardless of the type of the performed work (qualified or unqualified). As a result, all these sources and evidence allow us to state that the period of industrialization and modernization provided for women (though not significant) a space for opportunities to realize their own work.

School Foundation Ceremony in Memory of Fatima-Farida Nauruzova

The presented article analyzes the solemn ceremony of opening a girls’ school in the village of Karakashly, Aktanysh district in 1915, which was founded in honour of enlightener, the first jourmalist among Tatar women Fatima-Farida Nauruzova. The article describes a brief biography of F.-F. Nauruzova, touches upon the vital issues of that era raised by her on the pages of the “Sibiria” newspaper, including women’s status in the family and society, all-girls schools for Tatars, the status of female teachers etc., mentions the names of many individuals who contributed to the construction of the school.

Examining the Role of National Context: Do Country Conditions During Childhood Impact Perpetration of Dating Violence in Emerging Adulthood?

The link between individual experiences in early childhood or adolescence years and future dating violence (DV) perpetration has been well established and explored across various populations. However, little is known on a worldwide scale, about the association between national conditions during childhood, like overall well-being or status of women in that nation, and perpetration of DV in emerging adulthood. Applying life-course theory and a socioecological framework to data from the International Dating Violence Study and country index scores, this study examines whether the overall well-being of a country during childhood affects the perpetration of DV in emerging adulthood. We also examine if the national status of women during childhood moderates the association between overall well-being of a country during childhood and DV perpetration in emerging adulthood, all while controlling for the individual effects of gender, violence approval, criminal history, neglect history, and anger management. The study’s sample size included 4,280 people from 19 countries. Men reported less likelihood of perpetrating DV compared to women. Cross national comparative analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between country well-being and women status on DV perpetration (β = 0.69, p < .05) at the national level. When women’s status was low or moderate, the well-being status showed an inverse effect on the probability of DV perpetration, but this direction switched in the face of high women’s status. Contrary to previous research, higher women status may contribute to increased intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Our findings underscore the existence of context-specific social conditions in relationship to IPV. Broad implications of the findings, potential explanations and directions for future research are discussed.

The Construction of Feminism in “Ten Years of Marriage”

The following essay explores the theme of feminism within Su Qing’s Ten Years of Marriage. It emphasizes the focal character Huaiqing who can be taken as representation of cultural norms in the patriarchal society during the “May 4th period” in China. Su Qing uses feminine discourse and unique narrative strategies to show women’s status as “others” and their survival dilemmas in the patriarchal culture, reveal their physical and mental constraints and refute the misogynistic idea of female being parasites of their husbands. Apart from displaying the physical and mental constraints inflicted on women, the novel makes a portrait of a bunch of pitiful and detestable females, exposing their flaws in an attempt to arouse their self-consciousness. Su Qing in this novel also deconstructed “male mythology” and subverted the supreme image of males in traditional culture by presenting a series of male images in a critical way.

Reconceptualization of Gender Relations in Saeed’s Amal Unbound and Rao’s Girls Burn Brighter

This study examines gender relations in Saeed's 'Amal Unbound' and Rao's 'Girls Burn Brighter. The basic aim of this study is to review the existing patriarchal norms that exploit women. This comparative analysis seeks to offer a postmodern feminist worldview by redefining and reconceptualizing women's status, explaining their strengths, and granting them subject status. This study questions the concepts of rationality that perpetuate normative gender stereotypes and demands a brand new way of conceptualizing truth by breaking down the categories. It challenges the authorities, stereotypes, icons, and sexist values. Both texts that are examined in this study are set in the backdrop of the socio-cultural milieu of Pakistan and India. By presenting the cultures of two different countries, an effort has been put in to reconsider gender relations as a means of resistance. It reflects on the relationship between women and the environment and recognizes women's steadfastness in the face of oppression. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to undo patriarchal male coercion and explore the reasons for the continued proliferation of conscious and unconscious objectification of women.

NILAI PENGANTIN PEREMPUAN DALAM MAS KAWIN SUKU BANGGAI DITINJAU DARI KONSEP IMAGO DEI DALAM KEJADIAN 1:26-27

This study aims to examine the bride's value in the Banggainese (in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia) dowry tradition from the concept of man and woman as Imago Dei in Genesis 1: 26-27. The method used is a literature study with content analysis as a data analysis technique. The results showed that the prospective bride's value in the Banggainese dowry tradition contradicts the human concept as Imago Dei in Gen 1: 26-27. As Imago Dei, women and men are created equal and are equally servants of Allah whose position is above other creations. The bride's value in the Banggainese dowry tradition shows that women's status is lower than men. It put a prospective bride as an object who could exchange for family prestige and adjusted with things like money.