The role of anti-I-A antibody therapy in the management of autoimmune disease and in transplantation

This paper looks at the environmental role of vitamin D and solar radiation as risk reduction factors in autoimmune disease. Five diseases are considered: multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease of the thyroid, and inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical relevant studies and factors that may indicate evidence that autoimmune disease is a vitamin D-sensitive disease are presented. Studies that have resulted in prevention or amelioration of some autoimmune disease are discussed. An example of the utility of supplementing vitamin D in an unusual autoimmune disease, idiopathic thrombocytic purpura, is presented.

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Concomitant autoimmunity may be a predictor of more severe stages of endometriosis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94877-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vanni Valeria Stella ◽

Villanacci Roberta ◽

Salmeri Noemi ◽

Papaleo Enrico ◽

Delprato Diana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Medical Patients ◽

Laparoscopic Procedures ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

AbstractPathogenesis of endometriosis is still unclear and a role of both innate and adaptive immune system has been postulated. Some recent findings have revealed an increased risk to have concomitant autoimmune disease in women with endometriosis, but no study so far has investigated whether this association could affect endometriosis severity and stage. We retrospectively reviewed medical patients’ notes of women with a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis who referred to our endometriosis outpatient clinic between January 2015 and December 2019. Cases (endometriosis and an autoimmune disease) were matched in a 1:3 ratio by age and study period with controls (endometriosis without history of autoimmunity). At univariate logistic analysis, concomitant autoimmunity (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.64–4.21, p < 0.001) and the number of laparoscopic procedures performed (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.45–5.43, p = 0.002) emerged as factors significantly associated with the likelihood of stage IV endometriosis. In the multivariate logistic regression model, concomitant autoimmunity remained a significant predictor of stage IV endometriosis (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.57–4.10, p = 0.004), whereas the association between the number of laparoscopic procedures performed and stage IV endometriosis was found to be of borderline-significance (OR 2.70, 95% 1.37–5.30, p = 0.050). Our findings suggest that endometriosis is more severe in patients who are also affected by autoimmune disturbances after controlling for relevant confounders.

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AB0925-PARE A NARRATIVE REVIEW ASSESSING THE ROLE OF DIETARY SALT AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR THE ONSET AND SEVERITY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1484.1-1484

Author(s):

S. Ahmed ◽

E. Nikiphorou ◽

J. Bayliss

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Environmental Risk Factor ◽

T Helper ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

Salt Consumption

Background:The role of dietary salt consumption in the etiopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and autoimmune disease in general, has received renewed interest. This has been fueled by the increased prevalence of autoimmune disease worldwide correlating with western diets and heightened consumption of salt rich foods and also studies at the cellular level demonstrating induction of IL 17 producing T helper cells (Th17) by dietary salt.Objectives:To conduct a narrative review of observational studies and clinical trials on the role of dietary salt as an environmental risk factor for the onset and development of RA.Methods:A comprehensive search was done of the literature from 2010 to 2021, using the search terms dietary salt and RA; the native interfaces EBSCO and Ovid were used. Databases searched included Pubmed, Embase, EMCare, Medline and CINAHL using a Population, Exposure and Outcome framework; the MESH terms RA, risk factors, nutrition and salt were used. Data was extracted by an independent reviewer.Results:Out of the 72 studies initially identified, 50 were included in this review. Studies in murine models have demonstrated that high concentrations of sodium chloride promote the differentiation of T helper lymphocytes, via the serum- and glucocorticoid- inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) mediator towards the proinflammatory Th17 driven immune response. Six studies were carried out in human subjects. Study design ranged from cross sectional observational to nested case control studies. Sodium intake amongst participants characterized as having high intake, or being placed in the higher quartiles, ranged from 4.5-5grams per day. 5 out of 6 studies demonstrated that increased dietary salt consumption is associated with earlier onset RA. One study suggested an association between high salt intake and erosive disease at diagnosis and the development of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), although evidence was weak and from a single study only. Another study found that increased consumption of salt was only associated with risk of RA in smokers, highlighting the need to explore confounding variables further.Conclusion:This narrative review of the literature provides some evidence that supports a role of excess dietary salt consumption as a risk factor for the onset and severity of RA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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T cell receptors in autoimmune disease as targets for immune intervention

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-120 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 656-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hans Acha-Orbea ◽

L. Steinman ◽

H. O. McDevitt

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽

Antibody Therapy ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽

Immune Intervention ◽

Receptor Antibodies ◽

Experimental Allergic

The optimal form of treatment for an autoimmune disease should be highly specific, have few side effects, and allow treatment of clinically apparent disease. One target that could fulfill these requirements is the T cell receptor. To answer the question whether treatment of autoimmune disesase is possible with anti-T cell receptor antibodies, the heterogeneity of T cell receptor elements utilized in the T cell mediated autoimmune disease experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was analyzed. The limited heterogeneity of these elements allowed prevention and treatment of clinical autoimmune disease with anti-T cell receptor monoclonal antibodies. These results and their potential value for other autoimmune diseases are discussed.Key words: T cell receptor, autoimmune disease, monoclonal antibody therapy, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

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NRAMP1 Polymorphism and Viral Factors in Sardinian Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100009173 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 491-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Maria Gazouli ◽

Leonardo Sechi ◽

Daniela Paccagnini ◽

Stefano Sotgiu ◽

Giannina Arru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Promoter Region ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Jc Virus ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Sardinian Population ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Viral Sequences

Background:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be an autoimmune disease occurring in genetically predisposed individuals after an appropriate environmental exposure such as viral infections. Recent studies suggest a significant association between MS and the functional 5’-(GT)n polymorphism in the promoter region of the NRAMP1 gene. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the contribution of the allelic variation in the NRAMP1 promoter to MS susceptibility and to study the role of viral infection in relation to specific NRAMP1 genotypes, in a Sardinian cohort.Methods:Sixty MS patients and 66 healthy individuals were genotyped, and screened for the presence of Epstein-bar virus (EBV) and JC virus (JCV) sequences.Results:Consistent with previous autoimmune disease studies, allele 3 at the functional 5’(GT)n promoter region repeat polymorphism, was significantly overrepresented among MS patients when compared to controls (p=0.02). The EBV and JCV sequences were detected in 8/60 (13.33%) and in 4/60 (6.66%) of MS patients respectively and in 5/66 (7.57%) and in 0/66 of controls.Conclusion:The allelic variation in the NRAMP1 promoter may contribute to MS susceptibility in the Sardinian population. The viral sequences were not confined to a specific NRAMP1 genotype.

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