Lung cancer mortality rate falling among men, rising among women

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 25% of deaths due to lung cancer occurring in Europe. This study therefore sought to assess the burden of lung cancer by country and to evaluate the magnitude of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and cigarette smoking by country in Europe. Methods: An ecological study nested on the World Health Organization air pollution database 2016 was conducted. We sampled 30 European Countries, with a total of 1625 mean annual samples of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) collected from 1625 designated sites (n = 1625). We further used the ‘World Health Disease Rankings’ database to extract Lung Cancer Morbidity and Mortality Rate by country. We used SAS version 9.4 to indicate the distribution of PM2.5 and Lung Cancer Mortality Rate. Results: Lung cancer Relative Risk (RR) was 1.0 in all never- smokers. RR for Ex-smokers for Adeno carcinoma was 3.5 in males and 1.1 in females, small cell carcinoma was 16.2 in males and 3.8 in females. RR for current smokers for Adeno carcinoma was 8.0 in males and 4.1 in females, small cell carcinoma was 57.9 in males and 18.2 in females. Mean annual PM2.5 by country ranged from 6.01 to 37.28µg/m3 whereas lung cancer mortality rate by country ranged from 19.67 to 54.26 deaths per 100,000 population. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and exposure to both second hand smoke and high concentration of PM2.5 resulted into increased burden of lung cancer in Europe. Countries should re-strategize to reduce the burden of lung cancer in Europe.

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Spatio-temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality rate in Peru: 2005-2014.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e20081 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e20081-e20081

Author(s):

Claudio J. Flores ◽

Junior S Torres-Roman ◽

Luis Mas ◽

Rossana Esther Ruiz Mendoza ◽

Cesar Augusto Samanez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Temporal Variation ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

The North

e20081 Background: Lung cancer still remains as the principal death cause in many regions around the world. Its mortality varies according to the regions and study periods. In Peru it represents the sixth most frequent malignant neoplasm and the fourth cause of cancer related death. We reported the spatial autocorrelation and the temporal variation in lung cancer mortality rate in Peru. Methods: Data of lung cancer mortality in Peru between 2005-2014 was obtained from the Ministry of Health. Information on the number of inhabitants was obtained from National Institute of Statistics and Informatics. Age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was calculated based on the 2011 world standard population. Spatial autocorrelation was determined according to Moran’s Index and the Local G Cluster Map to explore the cluster patterns between regions. Results: During the study period 16,839 deaths due to lung cancer were reported. The lung cancer mortality rate in Peru increased from an ASMR of 12.8 (95% CI: 11.9-13.7) by 100,000 persons in 2005 to 13.4 (95% CI: 12.5-14.3) in 2014. According to the quartiles, the ASMR was higher in the north, south and east, and lowest in others regions. The spatial distribution of the ASMR showed a significant spatial autocorrelation (Moran´s I: p = 0.025). Also, during the study period, the ASMR showed a significant increase and decrease in some regions and in others it was constant. Conclusions: In Peru, lung cancer mortality rate showed a spatial and temporal variation in different regions. The increase in mortality rate in some regions requires identification of risk factors in order to establish public measures to reduce the risk of lung cancer mortality.

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