A framework for inserting visually-supported inferences into geographical analysis workflow: application to road safety research

Road safety research is a data-rich field with large social impacts. Like in medical research, the ambition is to build knowledge around risk factors that can save lives. Unlike medical research, road safety research generates empirical findings from messy observational datasets. Records of road crashes contain numerous intersecting categorical variables, dominating patterns that are complicated by confounding and, when conditioning on data to make inferences net of this, observed effects that are subject to uncertainty due to diminishing sample sizes. We demonstrate how visual data analysis approaches can inject rigour into exploratory analysis of such datasets. A framework is presented whereby graphics are used to expose, model and evaluate spatial patterns in observational data, as well as protect against false discovery. The framework is supported through an applied data analysis of national crash patterns recorded in STATS19, the main source of road crash information in Great Britain. Our framework moves beyond typical depictions of exploratory data analysis and helps navigate complex data analysis decision spaces typical in modern geographical analysis settings, generating data-driven outputs that support effective policy interventions and public debate.

Themes, approaches, and methods in the geographical analysis of Czech and Slovak parliamentary elections: a systematic review

This article reviews the field of electoral geography in Czechia and Slovakia. It systematically analyses selected publications to identify the most and least frequently researched topics, theories, and methods. Most of the analyzed studies strived to determine the factors underlying the uneven geographical distribution of election results. Issues of turnout and geographical representation were the least common. The cleavage theory was the most frequently applied theoretical approach, although most studies did not apply any theory. Only one study used the qualitative methodology, whereas the rest relied on quantitative methods. Most often, analyses were performed at the scale of districts and municipalities. The article identifies possible directions for future research in the electoral geography of Czechia and Slovakia.

Literary Geographies in Balzac and Proust

Literary geography is one of the core aspects of the study of the novel, both in its realist and post-realist incarnations. Literary geography is not just about connecting place-names to locations on the map; literary geographers also explore how spaces interact in fictional worlds and the imaginary of physical space as seen through the lens of characters' perceptions. The tools of literary cartography and geographical analysis can be particularly useful in seeing how places relate to one another and how characters are associated with specific places. This Element explores the literary geographies of Balzac and Proust as exemplary of realist and post-realist traditions of place-making in novelistic spaces. The central concern of this Element is how literary cartography, or the mapping of place-names, can contribute to our understanding of place-making in the novel.

Geographical Analysis of Natural Tourism Potentials in Al-Rutba District/Al-Anbar Governorate

The climate, with its multiple elements, is one of the most important pillars and requirements of the natural tourism industry, as it provides an atmosphere that contributes to strengthening the attraction factors as it determines the general frameworks that draw the type of tourism activity, and since the natural data in the study area are varied and multimodal, I have taken to attracting the tourist activity in an innate, primary way in tourism. Fishing and ecological and natural tourism based on a human and natural compound, if the potential of this industry is available and puts it in a state of geographical integration.

GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATIONAL WORK FORCE FOR PRIMARY EDUCATION IN IRAQ

Proper planning requires in-depth population studies and a broad knowledge of all aspects related to human resources in terms of their growth, distribution and characteristics. The size of the workforce in any human society is the true indicator of its economic and production potential and the power to drive it. The research dealt with the geographical distribution of the workforce in the field of primary education in Iraq according to For the latest statistics provided by the Iraqi Ministry of Education, in light of the Population Geography approach, which is concerned with analyzing and interpreting spatial differences, distribution patterns, and the factors that explain it. The study aims to analyze the geographical distribution of the workforce in the field of primary education at the governorate level, and the descriptive analytical approach has been relied on and the statistical method is used to show the variables of the characteristics of the workforce. It was found through the research that the governorate of Baghdad led the number and percentages of the educational workforce in the primary stage, which amounted to (24.8%) for the academic year 2018/2019, followed by the governorates of Dhi Qar and Basra with close proportions amounting to (7.8%) and (7.6%) respectively, then Babil Governorate. Diyala has a similar rate of (6.4%), and the proportions of the educational workforce varied in terms of gender, as it increased for females by (67.1%) compared to (32.9%) for males. As for the distribution of the educational workforce according to the environment, the urban environment came at a high rate of ( 67%) and a low rate for the rural environment amounting to (33%), which reflects the inequality of distribution according to the environment as a result of the concentration of educational services in urban areas compared to their limitations and decline in rural areas, and it became clear that the education sector suffers from a severe shortage of educational staff for some specializations at the level of education Primary. The research recommended the necessity of equitable distribution of the workforce to match the number with the population of the governorates, as well as expanding the establishment of a greater number of primary schools outside the governorates center and in rural areas. Keywords: Geographical Analysis, Primary Education, Educational Workforce.

Geographical Analysis of the Determinants of Spatial Expansion in the City of Kirkuk

The city of Kirkuk found a large spatial expansion in line with its functional requirements. It was interrupted by determinants represented by the stress areas that clearly affected the city’s growth. Based on that, the research aims to classify the stress areas and identify axes and directions for their expansion, relying on an inductive approach. Introduction, the first axis began to study the stress areas in terms of their concept, classification and characteristics, while the second axis was devoted to the school of urban development (population and urbanism) by dividing them into four morphological stages, while the third axis was devoted to studying and identifying patterns of stress areas and their impact on spatial expansion, and the research was concluded with a sentence of Conclusions and recommendations.